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OMM > L7-8: OMM Treatment Styles I-II > Flashcards

L7-8: OMM Treatment Styles I-II Flashcards

1
Q

In what direction or how are SD primarily named?

A
  • The direction in which motion is freer, position of ease
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2
Q

True / False. All somatic dysfunctions should be treated.

A

True / False. All somatic dysfunctions should be treated.

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3
Q

Criteria for diagnosing a SD

A
  • Any 1 (or more) of TART qualifies for diagnosis

- Most important would be restricted ROM and tissue texture changes

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4
Q

True / False. Area of tenderness corresponds to location of SD.

A
  • False, compensatory mechanisms can cause this to be located in a different region
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5
Q

Sidebending of vertebrae named how?

A
  • Named for side of concavity
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6
Q

Rotation of vertebrae named how?

A
  • Named by motion of a pt on anterior, superior surface of a vertebral body (NOT spinous process)
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7
Q

Types of barriers in joint motion

A
  1. ) Anatomic: limit of passive motion, final barrier that should not be passed, limited by bone, muscle, ligament
  2. ) Physiologic: limit of active motion
  3. ) Restrictive (in some joints): functional limit within anatomic ROM which abnormally diminishes normal physiologic ROM – caused by SDs, surgery, tightness, etc.
  4. ) Elastic (in some joints): not true barrier, rather space between anatomic and physiologic barrier as a result of passive ligamentous stretching
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8
Q

What barrier is the limit of passive motion?

A
  • Anatomic barrier
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9
Q

What barrier is the final barrier that should not be passed?

A
  • Anatomic barrier
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10
Q

What barrier is the limit of active motion?

A
  • Physiologic
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11
Q

Define barrier

A
  • restriction or binding point felt when a joint is put through its ROM
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12
Q

Extrinsic vs intrinsic forces used in OMT

A
  • Extrinsic: treatment force provided by operator, gravity, table
  • Intrinsic: voluntary or involuntary forces from within pt such as respiration, muscle contractions, involuntary motions
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13
Q

Active vs passive forces used in OMT

A
  • Active: pt performs action

- Passive: physician performs action

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14
Q

Types of treatment modalities that increase ROM

A
  1. ) Direct: engaging restrictive barrier carrying the SD component toward or through the barrier
  2. ) Indirect: motion barrier is disengaged and the SD component is moved away from restrictive barrier
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15
Q

Which areas of the body have the most dysfunctions? Why?

A
  • Head/neck, neck/thorax, thorax/lumbar, lumbar/sacral

- These areas have the most mobility

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16
Q

OMM Treatment techniques

A
  • HVLA
  • Muscle Energy
  • Soft tissue
  • Strain/counterstrain
  • Cranial / craniosacral
  • Myofascial release
  • Springing (LVMA)
  • Articulatory
  • Functional
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17
Q

HVLA. Direct/indirect, passive/active, extrinsic/intrinsic?

A
  • Direct
  • Passive
  • Extrinsic
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18
Q

Mechanism of HVLA action

A
  • Abnormal muscle activity restricts joints
  • Mechanoreceptors exist in the joint capsule, a suddent stretch/change in position of joint alters afferent output of the mechanoreceptors, resulting in release of muscle hypertonicity
19
Q

Precautions and contraindications to HVLA

A
  • Precautions: herniated disc, acute whiplash, post-surgical, vertebral artery ischemia, anticoagulation therapy, hemophilia
  • Contraindications: osteoporosis, bony metastases from CA, spondylolisthesis, osteomyelitis, fractures, RA (d/t laxity of transverse ligament of atlas), Down’s syndrome (same reason as RA), vertebral artery stenosis secondary to plaques
20
Q

Complications from HVLA

A
  • overstretch ligaments leads to injury and subsequent instability of joint and hypermobility
  • dislocations
  • CVAs
  • Muscle spasms
21
Q

Muscle energy. Direct/indirect, passive/active, extrinsic/intrinsic?

A
  • Direct
  • Active
  • Extrinsic and intrinsic
22
Q

Types of muscle energy. Use?

A
  1. ) Isometric: change in tension of muscle without approximation of its origin or insertion (ie. muscle stays same length), pt and physician push with equal force, corrects SD
  2. ) Isotonic: approximation of muscle origin and insertion withtout change in its tension, pt pushes with greater force than physician, tones muscle/strengthens weak muscle
  3. ) Isolytic: contraction of muscle against resistance while forcing muscle to lengthen, physician overcomes pts force, used to break up scar tissue, adhesions or fibrous tissues
23
Q

Mechanism of muscle energy action

A
  • Isometric technique resets intrafusal and extrafusal muscle fiber lengths during post-contraction relaxation phase (2-3 second relaxation period)
24
Q

With regards to isometric muscle energy, resetting the length of muscle fibers occurs during the contraction phase (period when pt is placing force against physician). True/False.

A
  • False. Resetting the length takes place during the post-contraction relaxation phase (period after pt has stopping giving force against physician and physician is then taking up slack)
25
Q

Contraindications to muscle energy

A
  • Low vitality (fatigued, malaise, not feeling well), fractures, severe NM injuries, pt unable to follow directions, unable to properly position pt
26
Q

Complications from muscle energy

A
  • Temporary increase in pain
27
Q

Soft tissue. Direct/indirect, passive/active, extrinsic/intrinsic

A
  • Direct, passive, extrinsic and intrinsic
28
Q

Contraindications to soft tissue technique

A
  • Cellulitis
29
Q

Strain/counterstrain. Direct/indirect, passive/active, extrinsic/intrinsic

A
  • Indirect, passive, extrinsic and intrinsic
30
Q

Strain/counterstrain works by reintroducing a new strain (which is the position of ease). True/False.

A
  • False, reintroducing the original strain, which is the position of ease
31
Q

Mechanism underlying strain/counterstrain

A
  • Muscle spindles are very sensitive to change in length and monitor stretch and rate of change. They are involved in the SD
  • When stretched, will induce reflex contraction of same muscle and inhibit antagonistic muscle
32
Q

Location of tenderpoints

A
  • Deep in muscle, tendon, ligament of fascia, NOT IN SKIN
33
Q

There are single tenderpoints for a given SD. True / False

A
  • False, may be multiple for one SD
34
Q

Tenderpoints are associated with what OMM treatment technique

A
  • Strain/counterstain
35
Q

Contraindications to strain/counterstrain

A
  • Positions that cause dizziness or radicular pain (radiating pain)
  • Extreme forward bending of the thoracolumbar spine in osteoporotic pts must be avoided
36
Q

Cranial treatment. Direct/indirect, passive/active, extrinsic/intrinsic

A
  • Direct on children, indirect on adults
  • Passive
  • Extrinsic and intrinsic
37
Q

What is the primary respiratory mechanism used in cranial/craniosacral treatment?

A
  • Inherent motility of CNS, fluctuation of CSF, mobility of cranial bones, mobility of reciprocal tensions membrane, mobility of sacrum between ilia
38
Q

Contraindications of cranial treatment

A
  • Acute head trauma
39
Q

Myofascial release technique. Direct/indirect, passive/active, extrinsic/intrinsic

A
  • Direct or indirect
  • Passive
  • Extrinsic and intrinsic
40
Q

Contraindications to myofascial techniques

A
  • Flare-up of symptoms in pts with Lupus and fibromyalgia – these are relative contraindications
41
Q

Exclusively direct OMM treatments

A
  • HVLA, ME, soft tissue
42
Q

Exclusively indirect OMM treatments

A
  • Strain/counterstrain
43
Q

All OMM treatments utilize intrinsic and extrinsic forces except for?

A
  • HVLA, entirely extrinsic

OMM (15 decks)

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