L6 Tissue Processing

Question 1

Microscopic study include?

Answer 1

Study of oral soft tissues
-routine tissue processing
Study of dental hard tissues
-Ground sections
-Decalcified sections

Question 2

Methods of Biopsy Taking are __________ biopsy, __________ biopsy, _______ biopsy, ________biopsy and _______ biopsy

Answer 2

Incisional
Excisional
Punch
Core needle
Curettage

Question 3

What are the 8 principles of tissue processing of oral soft tissue?

Answer 3

Fixation
Dehydration
Clearing
Impregnation
Embedding
Sectioning
Staining
Mounting

Question 4

The purpose of fixation is to?

Answer 4

-preserve the living structure
-prevent autolysis of tissue
-inhibit bacterial of fungal growth
-make the tissue resistant to damage during subsequent stages of processing

Question 5

What are the 5 major groups of fixatives?

Answer 5

Aldehydes
-formaldehyde
Alcohols
-methanol and ethanol
Mercurials
-mercuric chloride
Oxidising agent
-potassium permanganate
Picrates
-picric acid

Question 6

Tissue processing refers to ________ so that the tissue is rendered sufficiently firm yet elastic so that it can be cut on a microtome.

Answer 6

the treatment of the tissue necessary to impregnate it into a solid medium.

Question 7

Dehydration is done to ______ from the fixative tissues to allow ______________. It is done by passing through ___________ of alcohol.

Answer 7

remove the water content
the penetration of paraffin wax
ascending grades

Question 8

Solutions used in Dehydration process?

Answer 8

Methyl & Ethyl alcohol
Isopropyl alcohol
Acetone

Question 9

Clearing is done by __________________.

Answer 9

replacing alcohol by a fluid that is miscible with both alcohol & paraffin.

Question 10

Most common clearing agents used are ______ and _____.

Answer 10

Xylene
Paraffin oil

Question 11

Impregnation is ___________ with __________.

Answer 11

replacing the clearing agent
embedding medium

Question 12

Embedding is a process by which tissues are ___________ such as ________ which when solidifes will provide sufficient ___________ during sectioning.

Answer 12

surrounded by a medium
agar, gelatin or wax
external support

Question 13

Examples of embedding medium are

Answer 13

paraffin wax and ester wax

Question 14

Sectioning is the ______ of tissue blocks and to be cut into thin sections of _____ with a microtome

Answer 14

trimming
3-5 micrometer

Question 15

Types of microtomes are ?

Answer 15

rocking
rotary
base sledge

Question 16

Staining is ______ a ______ to a substrate to qualify or quantify the presence of a specific compound.

Answer 16

adding
class-specific dye

Question 17

What are the commonly used staining procedure?

Answer 17

Haemotoxylin and Eosin staining
Gram staining

Question 18

Basic dye haemotoxylin colours ______ structures with ______.

Answer 18

basophilic
blue-purple

Question 19

Alcohol based acidic eosin colours ______ structures with _______.

Answer 19

eosinophilic
bright pink

Question 20

Steps involved in H&E staining procedure

Answer 20

Removal of wax
Rehydration of tissues
Staining of H&E
Dehydration
Clearing

Question 21

Mounting is used to ______ to the slide.

Answer 21

adhere the coverslip

Question 22

Mounting is important to

Answer 22

protect the tissue from being scratched
provide better optical quality
preserve the tissue section

Question 23

2 types of mounting media are ______ mounting media and _____ mounting media.

Answer 23

water based
resinous

Question 24

Decalcified sections is a process where _______ in the mineralized tissue is ____ so that tissue becomes soft enough to make sections.

Answer 24

calcium
removed

Question 25

Decalcification is done by _____,_____ and _____.

Answer 25

Acids
Chelating agents
Electrolysis

Question 26

Ground sections are sections made up of _______ specimens.

Answer 26

undecalcified

Question 27

What is the volume ratio of fixative to tissue?

Answer 27

10:1