L6- Social Psychological explanation of aggression- F-A hypothesis Flashcards

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1
Q

Social psychological explanations of aggression

A
  • Focus on idea that aggression is the result of an interaction between an individuals characteristics and the features of the situation in which the behavior occurs
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2
Q

what does f-a hypothesis stand for

A

Frustration- aggression hypothesis

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3
Q

who put forward the f-a hypothesis

A

Dollard et al

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4
Q

what is the idea f-a hypothesis is based on

A

Freud:
- psychodynamic explanation of catharsis
- believed drive for aggression was innate
- only way to reduce- engage in activity that released it

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5
Q

What did Dollard et al propose

A
  • frustration leads to aggression
  • aggression is cathartic release of build up of frustration
  • individual prevented from achieving goal by external factor= frustration= always lead to aggression
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6
Q

3 reasons aggression not always expressed directly against source

A
  • cause of frustration may be abstract (economic situation)
  • cause may be too powerful- risk punishment e.g. against boss/teacher
  • cause may be unavailable at time
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7
Q

what do we have to protect ourselves when using aggression

A

ego defence mechanisms:
- sublimation= using aggression in acceptable actvities e.g. sport
- displacement= directing aggression outwards onto something/one else

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8
Q

The weapon effect

A

Berkowitz:
- proposed revised f-a hypothesis
- argued frustration doesn’t always lead to aggression- only in presence of certain cues
- e.g. presence of weapons= more likely to trigger aggression

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9
Q

Simplified eval

A

+ research support- jigsaw
+practical application - gun laws
- lab experiment
-link between F+A more complex

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10
Q

Strengths

A

+Green- lab experiment- male undergrads- jigsaw puzzle
- 3 diff conditions to raise levels of frustration: 1. unattainable time limit 2. impossible to complete 3. confederate- derogatory remarks when failed
- opportunity to give shocks to confederate if incorrect answers on another task- group with insults= highest level + all groups more shocks than control group- no frustration
= frustration leads to aggression

+ practical application- Berkowitz- lab experiment- opportunity to shock confederate who previously angered them
- 3 conditions- 1. aggressive cue (gun) 2. non-aggressive cue ( badminton racket) 3. no cue
- presence of aggressive cues= higher levels of shocks than ither groups
- potential new far reaching implications for gun laws USA

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11
Q

Weaknesses

A
  • main research support - lab experiments= lack ecological validity - extent to which they would carry out actual aggression with external stimulus not certain
  • link between F+ A more complex than theorized- very early research= f not always leads to A- not ‘automatic’ link
    could feel helpless, determined if frustrated
    aggressive behavior not always need to be frustrated - MAOA-L= more likely to show aggression
    = does not factor other factors- genes, biology= limited explanation
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