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anatomy FB1 > L6: placenta & fetal membranes > Flashcards

L6: placenta & fetal membranes Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Functions of the fetal membrane?

A

Protection

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2
Q

What do the Fetal membranes include?

A
  • Amnion
  • Chorion > sheet membrane of extraembryonic origin to support the fetus
  • Yolk sac
  • Allantois > ( connective stalk - came from extraembryonic mesoderm)
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3
Q

From where do it develop? (the fetal membrane)

A

These develop from the zygote

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4
Q

What is the importance of the amnion and chorion?

A
  • essential for fetal development

- Transfer of nutrients during 2nd and 3rd weeks of development

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5
Q

The amnion and chorion do not participate in…

A

the formation of the embryo or fetus > bc they are derived from the extraembryonic mesoderm

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6
Q

The yolk sac is incorporate as

A

primordium of the gut

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7
Q

When does Blood cells develop?

A

Blood cells develop in its wall from 3rd to 6th week of development

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8
Q

When does the Primordial germ cells appear in its wall?

A

in the 3rd week of development

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9
Q

What is the importance of the Allantois?

A
  • forms urachus in the fetus
  • and median umbilical ligament in the adult Blood cells develop in its wall from 3rd to 5th week
  • Its blood vessels persist as the umbilical vein and arteries
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10
Q

What is the Functions of the placents?

A

Metabolism

Production of hormones

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11
Q

metabolism of placenta synthesizes what

A

Synthesis of glycogen, cholesterol, and fatty acids > provides nutrition

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12
Q

passive immunity from the mother to the fetus

A

Maternal immunoglobulin G

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13
Q

what are the hormones produced by placenta?

A

o Human chorionic gonadotrophin HCG
o Progesterone
o Estriol
o Somatomammotropin

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14
Q

abnormal secretion of Somatomammotropin leads to…..

A

pregnancy diabetes

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15
Q

When does the Placenta start to develop?

A

As soon as implantation > syncytiotrophoblast start invading the endometrium

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16
Q

What is the Placenta?

A

is a fetomaternal organ > fatal components and mother component

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17
Q

where does the fetal part develops from

A

from the chorionic sac

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18
Q

where does the maternal part derived from

A

the endometrium > blood source

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19
Q

hemochorial Type

A

no mixing in the blood (placenta)

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20
Q

Where does the Implantation of a blastocyst take place?

A

The endometrium of the uterus

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21
Q

what is the decidua?

A
  • the functional layer of the endometrium in a pregnant woman
  • which separates from the remainder of the uterus after childbirth > shut off after birth
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22
Q

How many regions of the decidua are there?

A

The three regions

23
Q

decidua are named according to

A

their relation to the implantation site

24
Q

what are the 3 regions of decidua?

A
  • basalis
  • capsularis
  • parietalis
25
Q

The decidua basalis

A

forms the maternal part of the placenta.

26
Q

The decidua capsularis

A

overlies the conceptus.

27
Q

decidua parietalis

A

is all the remaining parts of the decidua

28
Q

what is the chorionic plate?

A

it is a layer of the extraembryonic mesoderm that marks the fetal part of the placenta

29
Q

Amnion

A

sac that the baby will swim in

30
Q

how many arteries & veins does the umbilical cord have

A
  • 2 arteries > deoxygenated blood

* one vein > oxygenated blood

31
Q

Describe the mother blood circulation?

A
  • Arteries >oxygenated

* Vein > deoxygenated

32
Q

why do we need to maintain villi

A

to allow blood to flow

between the spaces for gas exchange

33
Q

What happens to the barrier from week 4 to the 4th month?

A

The barrier decreases end becomes thinner In order to ease the exchange

34
Q

why does the villi changes their morphology?

A

to increase

the blood exchange due to the growth of the fetus

35
Q

How many cotyledons Maternal side exhibit?

A

Maternal side exhibits 15-20 cotyledons separated by

decidual septa

36
Q

what is decidual septa

A

These are spaces between the villi

37
Q

What coveres the Fetal surface?

A

the chorionic plate, which is covered by the amnion.

38
Q

What are the products that are carried away from the fetus by the umbilical arterys?

A

Waste products
o carbon dioxide, water, urea, uric acid ,Bilirubin

Other substances
o RBCs antigen
o hormones

39
Q

What are the products that are brought to the fetus via the umbilical vein?

A
  • Oxygen and nutrients

- Harmful substances

40
Q

Non-transferable substances

A

cant pass

(ex: bacteria,heparin,transferrin IgS &IgM)`

41
Q

The waste product will be disposed by

A

the umbilical circulation

42
Q

Describe a Monozygotic twins ?

A

They come from one oocyte > but during the cleavage two embryoblast are formed

43
Q

Monozygotic twins have

A

o One placenta
o One chorionic sac
o Two amniotic sacs

44
Q

Describe a dizygotic twins?

A

Two different oocytes

45
Q

dizygotic twins could be due to

A
  • continuous AMH hormone secretion

- Or because both ovaries ovulated and released eggs at the same time

46
Q

dizygotic twins have

A
  • One placenta or two
  • Two chorionic sac
  • Two amniotic sacs
47
Q

What are the presenter abnormalities ?

A

Placenta accreta:
Placenta percreta:
Placenta previa:

48
Q

Placenta accreta:

A

is when the chronic villi goes deep goes into the myometrium

49
Q

Placenta percreta:

A

is when the chromic villi goes through the myometrium and attaches to the perimetrium the only treatment is the removal of the uterus

50
Q

Placenta previa:

A

is attaches of the embryo in the lower segment of the uterus > Interior OS of the uterus > needs cesarean section.

51
Q

What are the Significance of amniotic fluid?

A
  • Permits symmetrical growth of the embryo and fetus
  • Acts as a barrier to infection

• Prevents adherence of amnion to
the embryo and fetus

  • Permits normal fetal lung development
  • Cushions the embryo and fetus
  • Enables movement of the fetus aiding in muscular development
  • Maintains homeostasis of fluid and electrolytes
52
Q

Oligohydramnios?

A

Refers to when there is a shortage of aminiotic fluid, it can cause the baby to be born
with severe abnormalities including underdeveloped lungs and kidney agenesis

53
Q

Polyhydramnios?

A

• Refers to when there is an excess of aminiotic fluid, it can cause the baby to be born
with severe abnormalities including anencephaly and esophageal atresia

anatomy FB1 (9 decks)

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