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Peds > L6: CV system > Flashcards

L6: CV system Flashcards

1
Q

How do you examine CV dysfunction

A

Inspection, palpation/percussion, auscultation

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2
Q

Diagnostic evaluation for CV dysfunction

A

ECG, echocardiography, cardiac catheterization,

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3
Q

What are the hemodynamic classifications of CV defects

A
  • Obstructive defects(supravalvular, valvular, subvalvular)
  • dec pulmonary blood flow defects
  • Mixed blood flow
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4
Q

What are the defects with inc pulmonary blood flow

A
  • Abnormal connections bw the two side of the heart. either septum or the great arteries
  • Inc BV on right side of heart
  • inc PBF
  • dec systemic blood flow (arterial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus)
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5
Q

What are the obstructive defects

A
  • Coarctation of aorta
  • Aortic stenosis
  • pulmonic stenosis
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6
Q

How do you do family care of child with CHD

A
  • prepare the family
  • post-op care
  • Monitor chest tubes after surgery
    • colour: red to serous
    • quantity (notify surgeon if
      quantity exceeds 3 mL/kg/hr for longer than 3hrs or 5-10 mL/kg in and hr) for hemorrhage.
    • look for cardiac tamponade (rapid onset can be life threatening)
  • monitor post op complications such as postpericardiotomy syndrome
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7
Q

What is heart failure

A

The inability of heart to pump an adequate amt of blood in the cs. Can be classified as right or left sided failure. Untreated HF can cause heart damage

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8
Q

What is hypoxemia

A

Arterial O2 concentration that is less than normal

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9
Q

symptoms of Hypoxemia

A

Identified by dec arterial O2 saturation

  • hypoxia
  • cyanosis
  • polycythemia
  • clubbing
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10
Q

What is endocarditis

A
  • Ca
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11
Q

causes of endocarditis

A
  • streptococcus
  • staphylococcus
  • fungal infections
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12
Q

Treatment for endocarditis

A

Prophylaxis antibiotics given 1 hr before procedures. May be IV or oral

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13
Q

What is Rheumatic fever

A

an inflammatory disease occurs after group A B- hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS). Rare in developed countries.

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14
Q

Symptoms of RF

A
  • Rheumatic heart disease: damage to valves. common complicaiton
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15
Q

Therapeutic management of RF

A
  • Eradication of hemolytic strep
  • Prevent permanent cardiac damage
  • palliation of other symptoms
  • prevent reoccurence
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16
Q

What is pulmonary artery hypertnesion

A

group of rare disorders that result in inc of pulmonary artery pressure

17
Q

symptoms of pulmonary artery hypertension

A
  • dyspnea
  • chest pain
  • syncope
18
Q

Symptoms of RF

A
  • Rheumatic heart disease: damage to valves. common complication
19
Q

What is pulmonary artery hypertension

A

group of rare disorders that result in inc of pulmonary artery pressure

20
Q

What is cardiomyopathy

A
  • Abnormality in the muscle of the heart (myocardium) so the ability to contract is impaired.
  • types: hypertrophic (meaty muscle) and dilated (relaxed/stretched muscle fibres)
  • poor prognosis
21
Q

causes of cardiomyopathy

A
  • genetic, infection, deficiency state, metabolic abnormalities, collagen vascular disease
22
Q

Therapeutic management of cardiomyopathy

A
  • medication to inc contractility
  • hypertrophic meds: betablockers and calcium blockers
  • if meds don’t work then heart transplant
23
Q

NSG care of cardiomyopathy

A
  • bedrest

- Allow emotions to be expressed

24
Q

What is Kawasaki disease?

A
  • Monocutaneous lymph node syndrome
  • most cases are under 5 yo
  • increases risk of coronary arteryaneurysm
25
Q

Diagnosis for kawasaki

A
  • 5-day fever
  • 4/5 of these symptoms
    • red, dry, cracked lips and inflamed tongue
    • swollen lymph nodes
    • widespread rash
    • swelling and redness in hands and feet. peeling skin around fingernails
26
Q

Therapeutic management for Kawasaki

A
  • give aspirin in an anti-inflammatory dose, and after the inflammation subsides, give
27
Q

NSG care for Kawasaki

A
  • I/O
  • diet clear liquids and soft foods
  • assess heart
  • make comfortable
  • mouth care
  • discharge teaching
    • defer live vaccines until after a few months bc antibody count may not rise well
28
Q

types of shock

A

hypovolemic
anaphylaxis
septic

29
Q

Therapeutic management for shock

A
  • ventilatory support
  • ## CV support
30
Q

NSG care for shock

A

-

31
Q

Diagnosis for Kawasaki

A
  • 5-day fever
  • 4/5 of these symptoms
    • red, dry, cracked lips and inflamed tongue
    • swollen lymph nodes
    • widespread rash
    • swelling and redness in hands and feet. peeling skin around fingernails

Peds (6 decks)

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