L6: CV system Flashcards
How do you examine CV dysfunction
Inspection, palpation/percussion, auscultation
Diagnostic evaluation for CV dysfunction
ECG, echocardiography, cardiac catheterization,
What are the hemodynamic classifications of CV defects
- Obstructive defects(supravalvular, valvular, subvalvular)
- dec pulmonary blood flow defects
- Mixed blood flow
What are the defects with inc pulmonary blood flow
- Abnormal connections bw the two side of the heart. either septum or the great arteries
- Inc BV on right side of heart
- inc PBF
- dec systemic blood flow (arterial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus)
What are the obstructive defects
- Coarctation of aorta
- Aortic stenosis
- pulmonic stenosis
How do you do family care of child with CHD
- prepare the family
- post-op care
- Monitor chest tubes after surgery
- colour: red to serous
- quantity (notify surgeon if
quantity exceeds 3 mL/kg/hr for longer than 3hrs or 5-10 mL/kg in and hr) for hemorrhage. - look for cardiac tamponade (rapid onset can be life threatening)
- monitor post op complications such as postpericardiotomy syndrome
What is heart failure
The inability of heart to pump an adequate amt of blood in the cs. Can be classified as right or left sided failure. Untreated HF can cause heart damage
What is hypoxemia
Arterial O2 concentration that is less than normal
symptoms of Hypoxemia
Identified by dec arterial O2 saturation
- hypoxia
- cyanosis
- polycythemia
- clubbing
What is endocarditis
- Ca
causes of endocarditis
- streptococcus
- staphylococcus
- fungal infections
Treatment for endocarditis
Prophylaxis antibiotics given 1 hr before procedures. May be IV or oral
What is Rheumatic fever
an inflammatory disease occurs after group A B- hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS). Rare in developed countries.
Symptoms of RF
- Rheumatic heart disease: damage to valves. common complicaiton
Therapeutic management of RF
- Eradication of hemolytic strep
- Prevent permanent cardiac damage
- palliation of other symptoms
- prevent reoccurence
What is pulmonary artery hypertnesion
group of rare disorders that result in inc of pulmonary artery pressure
symptoms of pulmonary artery hypertension
- dyspnea
- chest pain
- syncope
Symptoms of RF
- Rheumatic heart disease: damage to valves. common complication
What is pulmonary artery hypertension
group of rare disorders that result in inc of pulmonary artery pressure
What is cardiomyopathy
- Abnormality in the muscle of the heart (myocardium) so the ability to contract is impaired.
- types: hypertrophic (meaty muscle) and dilated (relaxed/stretched muscle fibres)
- poor prognosis
causes of cardiomyopathy
- genetic, infection, deficiency state, metabolic abnormalities, collagen vascular disease
Therapeutic management of cardiomyopathy
- medication to inc contractility
- hypertrophic meds: betablockers and calcium blockers
- if meds don’t work then heart transplant
NSG care of cardiomyopathy
- bedrest
- Allow emotions to be expressed
What is Kawasaki disease?
- Monocutaneous lymph node syndrome
- most cases are under 5 yo
- increases risk of coronary arteryaneurysm
Diagnosis for kawasaki
- 5-day fever
- 4/5 of these symptoms
- red, dry, cracked lips and inflamed tongue
- swollen lymph nodes
- widespread rash
- swelling and redness in hands and feet. peeling skin around fingernails
Therapeutic management for Kawasaki
- give aspirin in an anti-inflammatory dose, and after the inflammation subsides, give
NSG care for Kawasaki
- I/O
- diet clear liquids and soft foods
- assess heart
- make comfortable
- mouth care
- discharge teaching
- defer live vaccines until after a few months bc antibody count may not rise well
types of shock
hypovolemic
anaphylaxis
septic
Therapeutic management for shock
- ventilatory support
- ## CV support
NSG care for shock
-
Diagnosis for Kawasaki
- 5-day fever
- 4/5 of these symptoms
- red, dry, cracked lips and inflamed tongue
- swollen lymph nodes
- widespread rash
- swelling and redness in hands and feet. peeling skin around fingernails
