l6 and some 5

Question 1

where does deep vein thrombis occur

Answer 1

In the femoral-popliteal-tibial vein

Question 2

Thrombotic risk factors:

Answer 2

pregnancy
Cancer
Obesity
Long-haul flights

Question 3

Signs of DVTs

Answer 3

Can be clinically silent Unilateral calf swelling 
Heat 
pain 
redness
hardness

Question 4

what techniques can be used to view this

Answer 4

Doppler ultrasound
D-dimer test-indicate activation of clotting cascade
CTPA-pulmonary angiogram
V/Q scan-radio-isotope leading to v/q mismatch
ECG to see si,qiii pattern
chest x-ray CXR

Question 5

Pulmonary embolus clinical spectrum

Answer 5

Micro-emboli- Asymptomatic

Classic: pleuritic pain
dyspnoea
haemoptysis

Massive: syncope death

O/E: tachycardia
Tachypnoea
hypotensive

Question 6

treatment of PE

Answer 6

LMW heparin

Question 7

Tests for coagulation

Answer 7

APTT-activated partial thromboplastin time-assess the intrinsic pathway

PT-Prothrombin time-assesses extrinsic pathway
TT-Thrombin time -assesses fibrinogen levels

Question 8

Diagnosing haemophilia

Answer 8

Prolonged APTT- tests for factors viii, xi,xii,ix

Normal PT presents as ii,v,vii,x and low factor viii or ix levels

Question 9

Which factors are extrinsic and intrinsic

Answer 9

ex-vii,xi,xii,ix

in-ii,v,vii,x

Question 10

severe is

Answer 10

1-5%
or less than 1% is safe and
more than 5% is moderate

Question 11

Treatment for haemophilia

Answer 11

Fractionated human plasma

Current: Infusions of recombinant viii or ix