l4 Flashcards
From a self renewing stem cell comes a pluripotent stem cell. What comes from a pluripotent stem cell?
A lymphoid progenitor cell
or
Myeloid progenitor
What comes from lymphoid progenitor stem cells
B cells
T cells
Natural killer cells
What comes from a myeloid progenitor stem cell
A Megakaryocyte-platelets,
Basophil Colony forming unit(CFU)- Basophils ,
Erythroid CFU- Eosinophil CFU- Eosinophil ,
Granulocyte-monocyte CFU
What comes from a granulocyte-monocyte CFU
Neutrophils
Or monocytes-Macrophages
what cells are under phagocytic cells
Phagocyte
Neutrophil
Eosinophil
what cells can be classified as a granulocyte
neutrophil
eosinophil
basophil
What cells are auxiliary cells (Inflammatory)
Basophil
Mast cells
Platelets
Info on mast cells (4)
Tissues only
Release granules containing histamine and other active agents.
Prominent in mucosal and epithelial tissues.
Affect vascular permeability
Basophils info(5)
Lobed nuclei ,
heavily granulated cytoplasm ,
non-phagocytic cells
release active agents ,
Allergic reactions-ectoparasite infection.
Express FCeRI: So IGE can bind t it- causing degranulation
Eosinophil info-(6)
Bilobed nuclei Mobile phagocytic cells Parasitic role , mainly in tissues, Express FCeRI upon activation ]Attack parasites in GI;respiratory tract and genito-urinary tract
Neutrophils-(first responders) info-(4)
Multilobed nuclei
In blood
Short life span
Myeloperoxidase and ROS
what is function and nature of myeloperoxidase and ROS
Myeloperoxidase functions as an enzyme that produces hypocholorous acid.
ROS- Reactive oxygen species that are radicals. BOTH resulting in oxidising damage.
Monocyte info-(3)
Kidney shaped nucleus
From spleen
Form macrophages when migrating into tissues
Macrophages-(2)
In tissues
More organelles-like lysosome compared to monocytes
what types of pathogens cause disease and for each which cell deals with them (4)
bacterial-neutrophils and monocytes-chronic
Viral-lymphocytes and monocyte
parasitic-eosinophil
Fungal-Monocytes
Allergy
Basophils and eosinophils-chronic
Activation of mast cells
what is atherosclerosis
Build up of plaque in the lining of the arteries
what are 3 areas of pathogenesis
Dysregulation of lipid metabolism
Endothelial cell dysfunction
Inflammation
what is inflammation a response to(2)
infections and damaged tissue
4 signs of inflam
heat pain redness swelling
purpose of inflam
Bring cells in host defence and repair site
What is a sterile inflam
Injury with absence of microbes
Properties of acute inflam (5)
Initial rapid response Develops in minutes Last hours-days Mediated by neutrophils Resolves once stimulus is removed
Chronic
Last weeks-months
Mononuclear cells -macs and lymphs
Tissue destruction
Attempts at healing-fibrosis
\Basic inflammatory response steps-(5)
Blood vessels dilate Blood vessels-more permeable Circulating leukocytes migrate-tissue therefore activated destroy microbes
Function of cytokines (3)
regulate development of immune effector cells
Via paracrine signalling
Messenger molecules-secreted by white blood cells
Function of chemokines (3)
Chemotaxis
Attractants for leukocytes, monocytes and neutrophils
Name some chemokines and functions (2)
MCP-1/CCL-2: Monocyte chemotactic
Protein 1: Cross endothelium and lodge in intima
Specific information of what monocytes do at site of inflam-(3)
They bind to adhesion molecules on vascular endothelium near sites of infection and gets chemokine signal
Migrates into surrounding tissue
Differentiates into macrophage at site of infection
what are the 2 types of endothelium contact
Initial
Tighter adhesion
Initial contact
P & E-Selectin recognised by oligosaccharides on leukocytes
Tighter adhesion -ICAM-1
VCAM-1
Intercellular adhesion molecules recognise integrins on leukocytes
P-selectin platelets activate what 5 processes in monocytes
Thrombosis-Tissue factor
Chemotaxis-MCP-1
Differentiation
Activation of TNF-alpha and IL-8
what do macrophages recognise to discriminate self from non self in CSR
Lipid polysaccharides
Activation of macrophages via what 3 pattern recognition receptors -(3)
Macrophage mannose receptor ligand-conserved carbohydrate structures
Scavanger receptors-ligand- anionic polymers, acetylated and oxidised LDL
toll like receptors TLR-various opsonisation-coating with receptors
SO What 2 processes link atherogenesis and the immune system together?
Damage of endothelium and lipid deposition:1) chemokines and cytokines produce, Recruitment of monocytes, develop into macrophages and foam cells-create immune response causing first statement
or 2) potential exposure of collagen, platelet activation and coagulation
