L6 - Agression Flashcards

1
Q

Why does aggression usually occur?

A

Limited resources:

  • mating opportunities
  • obtaining food
  • securing territory
  • providing safety for family members
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2
Q

How has female dominance evolved into happening?

A

Mothers are forced to engage in competition to secure food for their young when they are incapable to do so

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3
Q

Where was the studying of female dominance pecking order first done?

A

Norway on chickens

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4
Q

What are the effects in the body during an aggressive reaction

A

Adrenaline and norepinephrine are released causing:

Increased blood sugar
Increased oxygen supply
Blood directed away from digestive and reproductive organs to the muscles, heart and brain

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5
Q

Describe how the HPA axis works

A

Hypothalamus –> Pituitary Gland –> Adrenal Gland

H: releases CRH (corticotrophin release hormone) which is a peptide hormone and NT that stimulates ACTH in response to stress

P: releases ACTH which is a polypeptide trophic hormone, causes the increased release of cortisol

A: releases cortisol which is a steroid hormone (glucocorticoid) from the zona fasciculate of the adrenal cortex in the adrenal gland.

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6
Q

What effect does cortisol have on the body?

A

It increases blood sugar through gluconeogenesis, supresses the immune system and helps the metabolism of fats, protein and carbohydrates

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7
Q

What effect does serotonin treatment have on aggression?

A

It increases aggression

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8
Q

What must an animal take into account if choosing a fight response over flight?

A

The value of the resource - may differ between individuals, hungry/not hungry etc

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9
Q

What is the Hawk-Dove game?

A

Hawks always escalate –> high injury risk, low time displaying

Doves threaten to escalate –> low injury risk, long time displaying

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10
Q

What is the winner/loser effect?

A

Winners keep winning and losers keep losing:

due to an increase in testosterone in winners and a decrease in losers

E.g.: older siblings beat their younger ones, even when younger ones grow larger at a later age

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11
Q

What is the bystander effect?

A

OBSERVING AN AGGRESIVE INTERACTION CAN HELP WITH LEARNING ABOUT OPPONANTS - RAISES TESTOSTERONE LEVELS

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12
Q

Give an example of animals that intervene with fights/protect others

A

Support of the preferred group member to protect social bonds in a herd

E.g.: female spotted hyena supports the dominant individual

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13
Q

What is the audience effect

A

Competing individuals change their behaviour if they are being watched

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