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HVAC Systems_FA23 > [L6]_Heating Hydronic Design & Boilers > Flashcards

[L6]_Heating Hydronic Design & Boilers Flashcards

1
Q

IND405

What is the definition of a Hydronic System?

[L6]

A

Hydronic Systems are fluid (typically water) systems which use hot or cold water to move heat to or from a conditioned space or process.

[L6]

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2
Q

IND405

What is the most common type of hydronic heating system used in modern buildings today?

[L6]

A

Recirculating Hydronic Heating System

[L6]

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3
Q

IND405

What is the simplest reason hydronic heating systems are more efficient than forced air systems?

[L6]

A

Hydronic Heating Systems are radiant heating systems rather than convection heat transfer systems.

[L6]

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4
Q

IND405

Why is water a better medium for heat transfer than air?

[L6]

A

Water is 23.5 times more efficient at transfering heat than air.

[L6]

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5
Q

IND405

What is the operating circulation supply temperature for hot water in a radiant floor heating hydronic system?

[L6]

A

90°F (dB)

[L6]

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6
Q

IND405

What is the common ∆T (°F) for a hydronic heating system?

[L6]

A

∆T of 20°F (dB)

[L6]

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7
Q

IND405

What are the three (3) steam hydronic heating systems?

[L6]

A
  1. Low-Pressure (15-psig or less)
  2. Medium-Pressure (16 to 50-psig)
  3. High-Pressure (50-psig or greater)

[L6]

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8
Q

IND405

What is considered high-pressure steam heating system by NYC Building Code?

[L6]

A

Any steam heating system over 15-psig.

[L6]

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9
Q

IND405

How much radiant energy is given off by the image shown below?

[L6]

A

30% Radiant Heat Energy

[L6]

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10
Q

IND405

How much radiant energy is given off by the image shown below?

[L6]

A

60% Radiant Heat Energy

[L6]

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11
Q

IND405

What does LPS stand for?

[L6]

A

Low Pressure System

[L6]

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12
Q

IND405

What is the minimum pitch required for a steam heating system to function properly?

[L6]

A

No less than 1-inch per 40-ft of linear piping length.

[L6]

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13
Q

IND405

Name five (5) core components required for a steam heating hydronic system.

[L6]

A
  1. Boiler
  2. Deaerators
  3. Surge Tanks
  4. Flash Tanks
  5. Steam Traps

[L6]

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14
Q

IND405

What is the typical chimney exhaust stack required for one (1) large steam boiler?

[L6]

A

16-inch diameter

[L6]

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15
Q

IND405

What is NYC Local Law 43?

[L6]

A

The required ban of the following fuel oils.
* In 2015, Fuel Oil #6 was banned from all use.
* In 2030, Fuel Oil #4 will be banned from all use.

[L6]

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16
Q

IND405

Name the five (5) common types of hydronic piping arrangements.

[L6]

A
  1. One-Pipe
  2. Two-Pipe
  3. Parallel
  4. Series
  5. Reverse-Return

[L6]

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17
Q

IND405

What is the typical formula used for calculating heat transfer in a fluid?

[L6]

A

Q = 500 x GPM x ∆T

[L6]

18
Q

IND405

What is the typical Btu/hr per 1 GPM of heating water with a ∆t of 20 (°F)?

[L6]

A

10,000 Btu/hr

[L6]

19
Q

IND405

What are the temperature and pressure ranges of the following?
* Low-Temperature System
* Medium-Temperature System
* High-Temperature System

[L6]

A
  • LTW: 0°F to 250°F & 0-psig to 160-psig
  • MTW: 250°F to 350°F & 0-psig to 160-psig
  • HTW: >350°F & 300-psig

[L6]

20
Q

IND405

What are the essential components of hot water hydronic system?

[L6]

A
  • Heating Loads
  • Source Equipment Selection
  • Expansion Chamber
  • Pump System
  • Distribution System

[L6]

21
Q

IND405

What does LMTD stand for?

[L6]

A

Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference

[L6]

22
Q

IND405

What is the maximum allowable a heating system source should be sized based on the heating load calculation?

[L6]

A

+20% greater than the heating design load requirement.

[L6]

23
Q

IND405

What are drain waste heat recovery exhangers used for?

[L6]

A

A heat exchanger which can recover heat from hot water used in showers, bathtubs, sinks, dishwashers, and clothes washers to be inserted to the HWR line for a hot water heater tank.

[L6]

24
Q

IND405

What are the four (4) types of boilers commonly installed?

[L6]

A
  1. Water Tube Boilers
  2. Fire Tube Boilers
  3. Power Exhaust Vent Condensing Boilers
  4. Direct Vent Condensing Boilers

[L6]

25
Q

IND405

What does TDR stand for?

[L6]

A

Turndown Ratio

[L6]

26
Q

IND405

What is the formula for calculating TDR?

[L6]

A

TDR = 100 x (Minimum Equipment Capacity/Full Equipment Capacity)

[L6]

27
Q

IND405

What is the maximum hot water supply temperature from condensing boilers?

[L6]

A

130°F

[L6]

28
Q

IND405

What are the three (3) types of expansion tank for a hydronic system?

[L6]

A
  1. Closed Tank
  2. Open Tank
  3. Diaphragm Tank

[L6]

29
Q

IND405

What is the standard density of water?

[L6]

A

8.33 lb/gal

[L6]

30
Q

IND405

Which pump type can process thousands of GPM; in-line centrifugal circulators or base mounted centrifugal pumps?

[L6]

A

Base mounted centrifugal pumps

[L6]

31
Q

IND405

What type of pump is shown in the image?

[L6]

A

Vertical In-Line Dual Arm Pumps

[L6]

32
Q

IND405

How many pump law formulas are there?

[L6]

A

Three (3) pump law formulas
1. GPM2 = GPM1 x (RPM2/RPM1)
2. HEAD2 = HEAD1 x (RPM2/RPM1)^2
3. BHP2 = BHP1 x (RPM2/RPM1)^3

[L6]

33
Q

IND405

True or False: Parallel pumps work at the same head and supply their share of system flow at that pressure.

[L6]

A

True.

[L6]

34
Q

IND405

What is the total capacity each pump is required of the total flow rate for a parallel pumping system?

[L6]

A

80% of the total GPM design flow

[L6]

35
Q

IND405

What are primary and secondary pumping systems used for?

[L6]

A
  1. They let the designer set water temperatures and temperature ranges in different system components.
  2. Hydraulic decoupling simplifies control, operation, and analysis of big systems.
  3. Circuits can be designed for different purposes.

[L6]

36
Q

IND405

What are the four (4) typical hydronic piping distribution layouts?

[L6]

A
  1. Full Series
  2. Diverting Series
  3. Parallel Direct Return
  4. Parallel Reverse Return

[L6]

37
Q

IND405

What is the difference between a hot water and steam hydronic heating system?

[L6]

A

Hot water hydronic systems circulate water heated in a boiler to radiators or baseboards. Steam is heated and circulated through pipes to radiators, where it condenses and releases heat in a steam hydronic system.

[L6]

38
Q

IND405

What are the advantages of using a high-efficiency condensing boiler in a hydronic heating system?

[L6]

A

High-efficiency condensing boilers extract more heat from combustion, saving energy and money.

[L6]

39
Q

IND405

What is the difference between a closed-loop and an open-loop hydronic heating system?

[L6]

A

An open-loop hydronic heating system draws in fresh water and discharges it after use, while a closed-loop system circulates a fixed amount.

[L6]

40
Q

IND405

How does a thermostatic radiator valve (TRV) work in a hydronic heating system?

[L6]

A

Room temperature controls radiator hot water flow with thermostatic radiator valves. When the room is warm enough, the TRV cuts hot water, saving energy and money.

[L6]

HVAC Systems_FA23 (11 decks)

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