L6

Question 1

a variant of a gene controlling the same trait. Alleles usually occur in pairs.

Answer 1

Alleles

Question 2

only carry one allele for each gene

Answer 2

Gametes

Question 3

remain constant from generation to generation unless there is some type of evolutionary force acting upon them

Answer 3

Allele Frequencies

Question 4

Organisms mate randomly with each other, with no preference for particular genotypes.

Answer 4

Random Mating

Question 5

No new alleles are generated by mutation, nor are genes duplicated or deleted.

Answer 5

No Mutation

Question 6

the complete set of genetic information contained within the individuals in a population

Answer 6

Gene Pool

Question 7

Preference for different genotypes or phenotypes

Answer 7

Disassortative Mating

Question 8

can introduce new gene combinations and alter allele frequencies if mating is assortative

Answer 8

Sex

Question 9

Individuals do not always mate randomly; when a particular phenotype is preferred in mates, genotype frequencies will be affected

Answer 9

Non-random Mating

Question 10

Neither individuals nor their gametes (e.g., windborne pollen) enter or exit the population.

Answer 10

No Gene Flow

Question 11

All alleles confer equal fitness (make organisms equally likely to survive and reproduce).

Answer 11

No Selection

Question 12

will only produce a phenotype if there is no dominant allele present

Answer 12

Recessive Allele

Question 13

maybe neutral, detrimental, or advantageous, depending on the environment (environmental changes may favor different alleles than those previously favored)

Answer 13

Mutation

Question 14

Change in nucleic acids (RNA and DNA); changes in RNA or DNA base sequence

Answer 14

Mutation

Question 15

Random change in allele frequencies in a gene pool

Answer 15

Genetic Drift

Question 16

Living organisms adapt and change in response to environmental conditions for survivability

Answer 16

Natural Selection

Question 17

Movement of genes into or out of a population, due to either the movement of individual organisms or their gametes (eggs and sperm, e.g., through pollen dispersal by a plant)

Answer 17

Migration

Question 18

a drastic reduction in population (caused by volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, landslides, etc.)

Answer 18

Bottleneck Effect

Question 19

Phenotype or Genotype: Huntington’s disease

Answer 19

Phenotype

Question 20

Phenotype or Genotype: Carrier of Cystic Fibrosis

Answer 20

Genotype

Question 21

How do we calculate Allele Frequency?

Answer 21

Dominant Allele or Recessive Allele over Total Number of Allele

Question 22

Give the 5 Major Hardy-Weinberg Assumptions

Answer 22

1) No Mutation
2) Random Mating
3) No Gene Flow
4) Infinite Population Size
5) No Selection

Question 23

The population should be effectively infinite in size.

Answer 23

Infinite Population Size

Question 24

preferential mating between close relatives

Answer 24

Inbreeding

Question 25

Preference for similar genotypes or phenotypes

Answer 25

Assortative Mating