L5: Perspective on Aging

Question 1

Is a developmental Process

Answer 1

Aging

Question 2

5 Basix Stages of Aging in older adults

Answer 2

Independence
Interdependence
Dependency
Crisis Management
End of Life

Question 3

Complete self-reliant

Answer 3

Independence

Question 4

live in their own homes, apartments or retirement communities.

Answer 4

Independence

Question 5

don’t need support to manage the tasks
of daily living household chores and errands,
bathing, dressing, medications, cooking or
finances

Answer 5

Independence

Question 6

require little or no support
from family members to manage any chronic
disease or disabilities

Answer 6

Independence

Question 7

Seniors at this stage of aging begin to need
some support from their family caregivers.

Answer 7

Interdependence

Question 8

They may notice the initial stages of
memory loss.

Answer 8

Interdependence

Question 9

Their changing physical needs may result
in their having increased difficulty with the
tasks of daily living or with management of
their own health.

Answer 9

Interdependence

Question 10

A senior at this stage is no longer able to safely liveon his or her own without daily support.

Answer 10

Dependency

Question 11

He or she may still be able to age in place, with
in-home nursing or other community-based
services like Meals on Wheels deliveries or with
daily visits from a family caregiver.

Answer 11

Dependency

Question 12

But the likelihood is that a fully dependent senior will need residential retirement care in the very near future.

Answer 12

Dependency

Question 13

At this stage of aging, your loved one’s
survival is dependent upon close medical
support.

Answer 13

Crisis management/ Infirmity

Question 14

He or she may still be mentally aware, but
worsening chronic illness or advanced age
is taking its toll.

Answer 14

Crisis management/ Infirmity

Question 15

A senior at this stage may be in the
moderate to late stages of dementia and
require residential memory care.

Answer 15

Crisis management/ Infirmity

Question 16

People at this stage of life are
approaching the end. But that doesn’t
mean that they feel sad — especially if
they continue to have close emotional
and spiritual support from their loved
ones, neighbors and friends.

Answer 16

End of Life

Question 17

is a gradual, continuous process of
natural change that begins in early
adulthood.

Answer 17

Aging

Question 18

many bodily functions begin to gradually decline.

Answer 18

During early middle age

Question 19

has been designated as the beginning of old age.

Answer 19

65

Question 20

is the process of becoming older

Answer 20

Aging

Question 21

represents the accumulation of
changes in a human being over time

Answer 21

Aging in human

Question 22

Aging in human can encompass by

Answer 22

Physical change
Psychological change
Social Change

Question 23

is a process of gradual change over time
that is most noticeable in older people.

Answer 23

Physical Change

Question 24

A person reaches his peak physical
functioning and ability in his—–. These are the years that human bodies are the strongest, senses are the keenest, and minds are the sharpest.

Answer 24

20’s and early 30’s

Question 25

skin becomes less elastic, dry, increase sensitivity in temperature (cold)

Answer 25

Physical change

Question 26

spots and wrinkles become noticeable around age--- and skin become less elasticr

Answer 26

40 or 50

Question 27

Wrinkles and sagging skin are most common in the arms, face and neck.

Answer 27

Physical change

Question 28

Most elderly people seems to be most vulnerable to psychological dysfunction when they experience change.

Answer 28

Psychological change

Question 29

refers to the mood, emotions (such as happiness, sadness, fear, pain, anger, and confusion).

Answer 29

Affective functions

Question 30

refers to memory, learning, and intelligence.

Answer 30

Cognitive Function

Question 31

affects the person’s self-esteem.

Answer 31

Cognitive and affective functioning

Question 32

Psychological Problems

Answer 32

Poor adjustment to role changes Poor adjustment to lifestyle changes Family relationship problems Grief Low self-esteem Anxiety and depression Aggressive behavior Loneliness Isolation Problems with sexuality Elderly abuse Withdrawing and having a negative attitude toward life in general

Question 33

is an essential component of the overall health assessment

Answer 33

Psychosocial assessment

Question 34

Nursing intervention to enhance mental alertness

Answer 34

-Allow the client to do as many tasks for himself as possible. -Encourage use of the mind in problem solving. -Encourage use of numbers and calculations. -Encourage creative activities (e.g. painting, story telling). -Encourage the discovery of new talents and abilities.

Question 35

Nursing intervention when caring for a client with a short-term memory loss

Answer 35

-Identify yourself each time there is an interaction with the client. -Give instructions in simple, direct terms. -Repeat instructions several times. -Explain every thing that is happening, even if the client does not seem to understand. -Perform only one activity at a time. -Report any sudden confusion.

Question 36

Nursing intervention when teaching an older person new information

Answer 36

-Assess current knowledge. -Evaluate for any visual or hearing deficit. Make sure the hearing aid is working or glasses are available, if indicated. -Determine the person's ability to learn. -Identify any language barrier. -Determine if the information to be taught is thought to be important or relevant to the elderly person.

Question 37

Nursing role to increased self-esteem

Answer 37

-Develop a trusting relationship -Treat the elderly with dignity and respect -Allow sufficient time for the performance of daily activities of self-care -Encourage verbalization -Practice active listening -Give positive reinforcement for progress. -Use reminiscence therapy (encourage the elderly to recall or remember past events). -Be alert for opportunities to include the patient in decision making. -Use verbal and non verbal communication -Encourage socialization.

Question 38

Nursing intervention that foster positive personality traits in elderly

Answer 38

-Accept the elderly. -Identify the positive characteristic of each elderly. -Encourage verbalization. -Reward positive behavior. -Avoid a judgmental attitude.

Question 39

It is easier if activities that will become prominent after retirement are begun during the

Answer 39

Working years

Question 40

are influenced by pre-retirement plan and engaging in other activities before withdrawing completely from their work.

Answer 40

Adjusting to retirement

Question 41

is generally one that brings great satisfaction and contentment.

Answer 41

Grandparent role

Question 42

Make sure that the person has access to all necessary assistive devices and personal accessories.

Answer 42

Facilitating maximum independence

Question 43

Allow enough time for the person to perform tasks at her or his own pace

Answer 43

Facilitating maximum independence

Question 44

Make sure that the environment has been adapted as much as possible to compensate for sensory losses and other functional impairments.

Answer 44

Facilitating maximum independence

Question 45

Intervention that promotes social support

Answer 45

Use interventions to deal with hearing impairments and other communication barriers. Encourage participation in group activities. For people in wheelchairs, especially those who cannot move independently, position the chairs in a way that promotes social interaction. For nursing home residents, plan tables and room arrangements in such a way that social relationships are fostered

Question 46

are change in lifestyle, loss of other family members, neighbors and friends.

Answer 46

social changes

Question 47

The main social problems, which confront elderly persons, are:

Answer 47

- social isolation - finance - loneliness - rejection and loss of purpose in life. - deterioration in housing standard and poor nutritional level.

Question 48

A change in work role comes with retirement. it changes the way time is managed and daily activities are carried out.

Answer 48

Retirement

Question 49

Retirement alters

Answer 49

identity, status, financial problem, lack of self-satisfaction and self-esteem and sometimes friendships

Question 50

A common event that alters family life for the aged is the death of a spouse.

Answer 50

widowhood

Question 51

composed of many sub roles, such as companion, sexual partner, confidante, cook, housekeeping, and care provider.

Answer 51

spousal role

Question 52

is a highly stressful experience. Death of a spouse affects more women than men because most older men will marry again

Answer 52

Loss of spouse

Question 53

is the feeling of emotional isolation, being locked inside oneself and unable to obtain the warmth and comfort from others.

Answer 53

Loneliness

Question 54

Any loss that creates a deficit in intimacy and inner personal relationships can lead to

Answer 54

loneliness

Question 55

Numerous role changes occur with the aging process, but the transitions expected by most elders are related to the work role and the role of spouse or partner.

Answer 55

Role change

Question 56

Aging is associated with major physical, psychological and sociologic losses as well as a reduced ability to adapt and compensate for stressors.

Answer 56

Multiple losses

Question 57

Examples of some losses

Answer 57

Loss of job (retirement) Loss of status Change role Loss related to normal age-related changes Decreased income Increase expenditure on medical services loss of significant person Loss of housing Decreased the ability to adapt and compensate for stressors Limitations impose as a result of multiple chronic diseases

Question 58

Widowhood, death of friends, and the recognition of declining functions make older person more aware of the reality of their own death. Attitudes about death vary with aging. The elderly tend to think and talk about death, but they find the prospect of death less frightening.

Answer 58

Awareness of Death