(L5) Module 1 L5 - Acids and bases Flashcards
What’s the 1st kind of chemical reaction?
electron transfer
What’s the 2nd kind of chemical reaction?
precipiation
What’s the 3rd kind of chemical reaction?
acid-base
What is a lewis base?
electron-pair donator?
What is a lewis acid?
electron-pair acceptor
What is a coordinate/dative bond?
When both atoms share the electrons that only come from 1 of the atoms.
Bronsted-Lowry acid definition
proton (h+) donor
Bronsted-Lowry base definition
proton (h+) acceptor
What are the bronsted-lowry acid/base definitions for (conditions)
acid/base behaviour in an aqueous solution
what is a conj acid/base pair?
2 species which differ by a proton
What is an acid?
Proton attatched to an extremely electronegative atom (F, O, N) via a polar bond.
What are strongest atoms attatched to?
halogen (group17) or oxygen (group16) (F, O , N)
What is a base?
atleast 1 lone pair of electrons. usually group 15, 16, 17.
What forms strongest bases?
Formed from deprotonation of molecules containg X-H bonds, where X is a group 15 or 16 element.
What is a electrophile? Nucleophile?
electrophile, loves and accepts electrons
nucleophiles is a electron donator
how to use H3O conc to find pH?
ph= -log [H3O]
in neutral water pH=7 pOH=7
how to use OH conc to find pOH?
pOh= -log [OH]
in neutral water pH=7 pOH=7
What is the equilibrium process associated w/ Kw?
Kw, auto-ionisation constant of water
What does [H3O] equal in neutral water?
Kw = [H3O] = [OH] =1.010-7 mol L-1
or Kw = 110-14
what is conc [H3O] using pH?
[H3O] = 10^-ph
pKw equation?
pKw = -log(Kw)
= 14 : at 25 Celcius
Ph +pOH =
14
Kw = [H3O][OH] how to find [OH]?
[OH] = Kw/[H3O]
How does temperature effect Kw?
Temperature decreases at Kw.
Why must we be careful what we refer to as acidic, neutral, basic?
Might usually think of a solution with pH of 6.6 as slightly acidic. At 35 celcius it is neutral.
This is because at neutral [H3O] = [OH]
What undergoes complete dissociation?
Electrolytes.. such as ionic solids, acids, bases.
What’s a strong acid?
Acids which completely dissociate and donate their protons.
What’s an example of stong acids?
HCl (hydrochloric, present in gastric acid),
H2SO4 (sulfuric), HNO3 (nitric), HBr (hydrobromic), HI (hydroiodic),
HClO4 (perchloric)
How to calculate concentration from a strong acid?
1:1 scale.
What’s a strong base?
Bases which generate OH- in reactions which go to completion
How to calculate concentration from a strong base?
