L5 Mitosis vs Meiosis

Question 1

What are the two ways cells reproduce?

Answer 1

Miosis and Meiosis

Question 2

What is a haploid cell?

Answer 2

Haploid cell – a cell that contains a single set of unpaired chromosomes and is found in egg and sperm cells.

Question 3

What is a diploid cell?

Answer 3

Diploid cell – a cell that contains two sets of chromosomes(paired), one from each parent.

Question 4

What is mitosis?

Answer 4

Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two daughter cells, each containing identical chromosomes.

One cell becomes two cells but both have the same chromosome.

Question 5

What is the purpose of mitosis?

Answer 5

Enables cell and tissue growth

Repairs old and damaged cells

Used in Asexual reproduction (organisms are identical)

Question 6

What happens in Mitosis, prophase?

Answer 6

Chromosome containing DNA is duplicated and prepares for division

Question 7

What happens in Mitosis, metaphase?

Answer 7

Homologous chromosomes line up at the equatorial plate (in the middle)

The chromosomes move to make a line in the middle of the cell

Question 8

What happens in mitosis, Anaphase?

Answer 8

Homologous pairs separate with half pulled to either side of the cell.

Question 9

What happens in mitosis, telophase?

Answer 9

Cell membrane closes and splits the cell into identical cells with the same DNA as the original parent cell.

Question 10

What does homologous mean?

Answer 10

two pieces of DNA within a diploid organism which carry the same genes from one parental source

Question 11

What is meiosis?

Answer 11

Meiosis is a cellular process that produces gametes in order to reproduce sexually
Germ cells divide to create gametes (sperm and ova)
Meiosis produces genetically different daughter cells which are haploid
It involves two rounds of cell division:
Meiosis |
Meiosis ||

Question 12

What is the purpose of meiosis?

Answer 12

1. To produce gametes (sex cells), which then fuse together during fertilisation to form a zygote.

Question 13

What happens in meiosis 1, prophase?

Answer 13

In prophase 1 – you have full number of chromosomes in it (that have been doubled – 46 chromosome pair)

Question 14

What happens in meiosis 1, prophase ?

Answer 14

In metaphase 1, homologous pairs line up in the middle of the cell but next to their pair.

Crossing over occurs when the homologous chromosomes attract to each other because they are the same number, the chromatids link to swap DNA.

Only 3 genes per chromosome can swap – only 3 sections/features.

Question 15

What happens in meiosis 1, Anaphase

Answer 15

Anaphase – ripping things apart, one chromo to the left, one to the right

Homologous pairs are divided so one set of chromosomes from each pair goes to either side of the cell

Question 16

What happens in meiosis 1, telophase?

Answer 16

In telophase, two new daughter cells are produced that are not identical.
46 individual chromosomes (no pairs)

Question 17

What happens in meiosis 2, prophase?

Answer 17

Start off with two cells.
This is the same as telophase 1.

Question 18

What happens in meiosis 2, metaphase?

Answer 18

Chromosomes move to the centre of the cell.

They line up, one under the other.

Question 19

What happens in meiosis 2, anaphase?

Answer 19

Chromatid pair will split into two and move to either side of the cell.

Question 20

What happens in meiosis 2, telophase?

Answer 20

Four daughter cells are produced
Each contain 23 haploid cells
Each are genetically different
These are gametes.