L5: Emotion Regulation

Question 1

what is lazarus’ emotional theory of stress?

Answer 1

stressor ->primary appraisal (does the stressor pose a threat) -> secondary appraisal (what resources do i have to address it?) -> reaction aka coping response

Question 2

what are 2 types of coping?

Answer 2

• problem focused coping
• emotion focused coping

Question 3

how can loneliness be a stressor at multiple levels?

Answer 3

• loneliness poses health risks as deadly as smoking up to 15 cigarettes daily
• no differences between measures of objective & subjective social isolation
• consistent results in many groups

Question 4

how can loneliness be studied in the lab?

Answer 4

cyberball game: participants play in virtual ball tossing game where they are intentionally excluded after a few rounds

Question 5

what is the deficit model of poverty?

Answer 5

poverty -> damaged brain function -> poor performance -> poverty

Question 6

what is the strength model of poverty?

Answer 6

• some behaviours by ppl in poverty might be adaptivein context
• temporal discounting can be adaptive in unpredictable contexts (tendency of people to value rewards or outcomes less if they are delayed in time)

Question 7

how was covid a chronic collective stressor?

Answer 7

• Threat of illness or death to self and loved ones
• Lockdown and physical distancing: social isolation
• Added financial strain
• Supply problems
• Dissatisfaction with policy
• Increased uncertainty

Question 8

what are the cons of ageing?

Answer 8

• Cognitive decline (e.g., memory)
• Smaller social networks
• Increased risk of losing loved ones
• Increased health and care burdens for individuals and society

Question 9

what is the age advantage?

Answer 9

emotion age advantage & less tress

Question 10

what are 2 accounts that seek to explain the age advantage? how do they relate to chronic stressors?

Answer 10

• avoidance of stressors: Strength & Vulnerability Integration (SAVI) model
• shifts in motivation: socioemotional selectivity theory (SST)

Question 11

how does the SAVI model explain the age advantage? how would covid affect this?

Answer 11

Avoidance of stressors: Strength And Vulnerability Integration model
- reduced avoidance of stressful situations
- age advantage should shrink or dissapear with covid cause they have to avoid stressful situations like everyone else

Question 12

how does the SST model explain the age advantage? how would covid affect this?

Answer 12

Shifts in motivation: Socioemotional Selectivity Theory
- old ppl have different default mode of processing
- age advantage should remain stable in covid

Question 13

how did covid affect the age advantage?

Answer 13

although older adults still experienced fewer negative emotions during the pandemic, the age advantage decreased compared to pre pandemic times

Question 14

what were the findings of the study by Sun on the relationship between emotions & wellbeing during covid 19?

Answer 14

• positive emotions still more frequently reported than negative ones, despite pandemic
• well being positively linked to experiencing emotions like calm & hope, and negatively associated w anxiety, loneliness, and sadness

Question 15

what 5 things predict wellbeing?

Answer 15

• country level wealth
• societal equality
• social relationships
• personality
• income (to a point)
  & in general positive emotional experiences

Question 16

what was the study by Sun on the relationship between emotions & wellbeing during covid 19? aim

Answer 16

• aim: how do specific momentary emotional experiences during the pandemic link to psych well being
• studied which emotions were associated w well being under prolonged stress (pandemic)