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Pharmacy 213 Dermatology > L5 - Common skin conditions > Flashcards

L5 - Common skin conditions Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Macule (small) / patch (larger), flat, discolouration

Papule = ______ lumps, scratched across skin in a line, <1cm

Vesicle = ____ filled <1cm

Plaque of psoriasis >1cm

Nodule differs from papule via size >1cm

Bulla = _______, fluid filled >1cm

A

Macule (small) / patch (larger), flat, discolouration

Papule = little lumps, scratched across skin in a line, <1cm

Vesicle = fluid filled <1cm

Plaque of psoriasis >1cm

Nodule differs from papule via size >1cm

Bulla = blisters, fluid filled >1cm

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2
Q

Describe acute dermatitus

A

Inflammation of dermis, redness, itchy, oedema and weeping

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3
Q

Describe Chronic dermatitus

A

Skin thickening, discolour, hyper pigmented

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4
Q

3 types of dermatitis?

A

Atopic, contact irritant and contact allergic

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5
Q

Describe Atop dermatitis

A

Mutation in Filaggrin, important part of natural moisturising factor.

Good filigrin = good brick wall

Barrier damage = antigens enter skin = inflammation

Occupation important = break down barrier = defective barrier

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6
Q

Describe acute eczematic flare

A

red, scared, dry thickened skin

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7
Q

Describe Irritant contact dermatitis, give examples for causes

A

Due to contact with irritant, frequently over long period

e.g excessive moisture, hand washing or saliva (child licking lips)

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8
Q

Describe allergic contact dermatitis

Give an example of a a few triggers

A

Allergic reaction w/ allergen in contact w/skin

even when skin isn’t impaired = can still get dermatitis
e.g nickel. hair dye, adhesive in medical dressings, topical meds.

Rhus tree sap

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9
Q

GENERAL pharmacological treatments for eczema

A

Topical corticosteroids, barrier creams, emollients

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10
Q

Steroid ladder - potency
- Give pone example of each:

Mild:
Moderate:
Potent:
Ultrapotent:

A

Mild: 1% hydrocortisone

Moderate: Clobetasone butyrate

Potent: Betamethasone valerate

Ultrapotent: Clobetasol proprionate

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11
Q

Steroids: sensitive vs thick skin, what potency?

A

More potent for thick skin:

Less potent for thin skin:

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12
Q

Topical steroids

Finger tip, apply once daily as drug quickly builds ________ in skin. Also define steroid phobia

A

Reservoir

vague negative feelings and beliefs’ about topical steroids and may arise more from misinformation than irrationality.

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13
Q

Benefits of topical immunimodulators? Give two examples

A

No steriod side effects e.g thinning and resistance

Pimecrolimus - funded by pharmac, much mild

Tacrolimus, potent

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14
Q

Sites of psoriasis

A

Scalp, nails, umbilicus and axilla (throat)

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15
Q

Chronic plaque psoriasis

A

Plauqes, scaly and red, will bleed

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16
Q

Guttate psoriasis

A

After strep throat, raindrop red dots, can be life long

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17
Q

Localised pustular psoriasis

A

acute skin failure, peeling away, pustules can be local white milky

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18
Q

Erythrodermic psoriasis

A

Skin faliure, lose fluid, poor temp control, bugs get in

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19
Q

psoriasis worsened by

A

Stress, infection, systemic steriods, HIV, AIDS, Psoriatic arthritis

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20
Q

General treatment for psoriasis

Example of retinoid and immunimodulators?

A

Topical, salicylic acid, steriods, coal tar, retinoids e.g Calcipotriol or immunomodulaters for severe causes = MTX, cyclosprin

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21
Q

Systemic treatment for psoriasis?

Adverse effect of retinoids?

A

MTX, cyclosporin, Acitretin

Teratogenic

22
Q

What is acne and it’s aetiology?

A

Chronic inflammation skin condition - disorder of pilosebasue grease gland

Caused by excess grease, comedone formation and colonisation of pilosebacous duct.

23
Q

Comedones are:

A

Small flesh colored acne papules, ruptur e= inflamotry response = scaring.

24
Q

Factors that modify acne

A

Hormones. medication (e.g steriods) and diet (weak evidence)

25
Q

Acne vs Rosacea ?

A

Rosacea = no comedones, redness, flushing, papules, pustules. Differnt treatment

26
Q

Treatment of mild acne?

Give examples.

A

Just topical treatment, mild

Benzoyl peroxide, Azelic acid, antibiotics and retinoids - 4 weeks

27
Q

Treatment of moderate acne?

Give examples.

A

Topical + oral antibiotics

e.g Doxycyline, erythromycin, treat for 3 months

28
Q

Treatment for sever acne?

Give example

A

Retinoids = isotretinoin.

29
Q

Isotretinoin adverse effects

A

Highly teratogenic, dry sin, sensitivity, depression??

Woman need effective birth control

30
Q

Bacterial infections: Impetigo (school sores). Clinical presentation?

A

Golden crust rash, caused by bug, children worlwide. DONT GIVE ANTIBIOTICS, antiseptics are good

31
Q

Common fungal infections?

Tinea capitits/corporis = ringworm

Tinea pedis = athletes foot

Onchymycosis = fungal nail infection

Pityriasis versicolor = common skin infectoin

Piryriasis captis = dandruff

A

Tinea capitits/corporis = ringworm

Tinea pedis = athletes foot

Onchymycosis = fungal nail infection

Pityriasis versicolor = common skin infectoin

Piryriasis captis = dandruff

32
Q

Tinea capitis can arise from ______ fungus. Can treat with ________

A

Animal fungus

Teat with antifungal

33
Q

Ringworm, fungus grows in a ____ shape, Involves body, face, hands and groin.

Has ____ edge

A

Ring

Sharp

34
Q

Athletes foot. Poorly treated with creams. Characterised by ___________. Web space gets soggy.

A

Macerated web spaces

35
Q

With fungus + eczema, which do you treat first?

A

FUNGUS FIRST

Can get fungus and tinea, get scrape, establish diagnosis = get antifungal treatment first before treating the exam
Steroid on fungus = loves it, like fertilizer on fungus so treat fungus first.

36
Q

Differential diagnosis of fungus?

A

Psoriasis and dermatitis

37
Q

Nail infection clinical presentation + treatment?

A

white/yellow, thickened, crumbly.

Oral antifungal agents.
topical ineffective.

38
Q

Nail infection differential diagnosis?

A

Onychogryphosis = fungal nail infection or psoriasis

39
Q

Treatment of fungal infections?

A

Topical: Miconazole, clotrimazole, Terbinafine

Systemic: terbinafine and itraconazole

40
Q

Yeast infection: red brown, pale patches, causes pigmentation in skin.

Treatments?

A

Ketaconazole shampoo

Creams: terbinafine and clotirmaxole/miconazole

41
Q

Pityriasis Capitis/Seborrheic Dermatitis (Dandruff) = Chronic scaly scalp condition, reoccurring

Treatment?

A

Topical:
Miconazole-hydrocortison cream
Ketaconazole shampoo

Systemic:
Itraconazole

42
Q

Herpes (cold sores)
Type 1 usaully causes ___ and facial infections

Type 2 usaully causes _____ and rectal infections

A

oral

genital

43
Q

Herpes diagnosis and treatment?

A

discomfort and itch with no rash, then vesicles appear

vesicles on a red base, enlarged lymph nodes

Normally heal in 7-10 days no scar on own. If recurring = antiviral: acilovir and valaciclovir

44
Q

Head lice, itchy, live off base of scalp. Heavy infestation can lead to ______ and secondary bacterial infection

A

dermatitis

45
Q

Head lice treatment?

A

Shampoos, phenothrin

46
Q

what scabies?

A

contagious, itchy, finger web scales, mite borrows underneath top layer of skin

Rash - hypershift to reaction to dead mites and poo, CRUSTED SCABIES = millions of mites in immunocompromised people

47
Q

Treatment for scabies?

What’s good for resthome outbreaks?

A

Topical: permethrin cream
Oral: ivermectin (outbreaks in elderly)

48
Q

Acute effects of UV radiation?

A

pain, swelling, blistering and erythema

49
Q

Chronic effects of UV radiation?

A

Photoaging and dyspigmentation

50
Q

Pharmacists role in skin cancer?

A

Educate patients about SS

Ensure people know how to properly use.

Pharmacy 213 Dermatology (10 decks)

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