L5: Amino acids Flashcards
What are amino acids?
-The are the structural units of proteins, and they are obtained from proteins by acid,alkali or enzymatic hydrolysis.
What is the general structure of amino acids?
All amino acids except proline and hydroxyproline consist of:-
Carboxyl group COOH
Amino group NH2
Side chain (Characteristic to each amino acid)
What are amino acids classified according to?
-The acid they are derived from.
-The number of carboxyl and amino groups.
-Their nutritional importance.
-Their metabolism.
How are amino acids condensed?
By the reaction between COOH group and NH2 associated with removal of water forming petide bonds.
What are pure glucogenic amino acids?
-They are amino acids that can be converted into carbohydrates.
And they are All except leucine,lysine,Isoleucine,Tyrosine,Tryptophan and Phenyl alanine.
What are pure ketogenic amino acids?
-They are amino acids that can be converted into ketone bodies like Leucine.
What are mixed amino acids?
-They are amino acids that can be converted to both carbohydrates and ketone bodies like Isoleucine,Lysine,Phenylalanine,Tyrosine and tryptophan
What are essential and non essential amino acids?
-Essential amino acids: They are amino acids that are not synthesized in the body and must be taken in diet.
-Non-Essential: they are amino acids that are synthesized in the body and there is no need to be taken in diet
“VILAr HM= Ten THousand Pounds”
Valine
Isoleucine
Lysine
Leucine
Arginine
Histidine
Methionine
Tryptophan
Threonine
Phenylalanine
And anything else is non-essential
What are basic amino acids?
They are amino acids in which the number of amino groups is more than the number of carboxylic groups like
Ar - H - Ly
Arginine
Histidine
Lysine
What are acidic amino acids?
-They are amino acids in which the number of carboxylic groups is more than the number of amino groups.
Glutamic acid
Aspartic acid
What are neutral amino acids?
-They are amino acids in which the number of carboxylic groups equal the number of amino groups.
Aliphatic (Gavil): glycine-Alanine-Valine-Isoleucine-Leucine
Containing hydroxyl(TTSH): Tyrosine-Threonine-Serine
Containing sulphur(CCM): Cystine-Cysteine-Methionine
Aromatic amino acids(TTPh):Tyrosine-Tryptophan-phenylalanine
Heterocyclic amino acids: proline-hydroxyproline
What are amino acids derived from acetic acid?
Glycine
What are amino acids derived from propanoic acid?
Alanine
Serine
Cystine
Cysteine
Phenylalanine
Tyrosine
Tryptophan
Histidine
What are amino acids derived from butyric acid?
Threonine
Methionine
What are amino acids derived from Valeric acid?
Arginine
