L5&6 Memory Flashcards
Memory
The processes that allow us to record, store and later retrieve experiences and information
Why does memory matter
- Memory and daily functioning
- Learning and memory
Reasons we need to know about memory
- How to deliver information to others
- How to retrieve information from others
Three stages of memory process
Encoding
Storage
Retrieval
Encoding definition
Getting information into the memory system by translating it into a neural code that your brain processes
* maintenance versus elaborative rehearsal
stages of encoding
Sensory memory
Working memory
Long term memory
Sensory memory
Perception
* < one second
* Raw perception by senses
* Sensory registers hold long enough to be linked and further processed
* Fades quickly if not processed
Working memory
Awareness
< 20 seconds
central executive
* Visuospatial sketch pad
* Episodic buffer
* Phonological loop
Long term memory
Remember
* indefinite
* Accessed via working memory
* General vs precise details
Three stage memory process
Encoding
Storage
Retrieval
Types of long term memories
- declarative with conscious recall
- non declarative without conscious recall
Declarative LTM
- Facts - general knowledge (semantic memory)
- Personally experienced events (episodic memory)
Nondeclarative LTM
- skills - motor and cognitive
- Classicla conditioning effects
Ebbinghaus Forgetting Curve
Forgetting occurs rapidly at first then slows
Why do we forget
Decay
* information gradually disappears from memory
Interference
* Memory impaired by other information
Retroactive interference
Learning new information makes it harder to retrieve old information
Proactive interference
Old memories affect the retrieval of new memories
Retrieval
Bring information to conscious awareness
Retrieval cues
A stimulus, whether internal or external that activates information stored in long term memory
Guides to where to look for information
Narrow search; trigger associations
Context effects
Memory works better in the context of original learning
Mood congruent memory
Tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one’s current mood
State-dependent memory
What is learned in one state can more easily be remembered when in same state
Memory reconstruction
- Filter information and fill in missing pieces
