L4.1 Extra chromosal elements Flashcards
circular molecules but can also be linear
plasmids
replicons that are discerete and replicated independently
Plasmids
Plasmids can also be found in plants and yeasts.
Yes. Linear Plasmids
Plasmids can provide functional benefits by
carry antibiotic resistance
change degradative function
change virulenece function
Natural plasmids carry the ____ or the _____ and what it does?
Origin of replication
Ori site- control the host range and copy number of plasmids and genes, as well as selectable markers
What are selectable markers?
- kanamycins, ampicillin
enzymes that cut a specific sequence on DNA
restriction endonucleases sites
the first plasmid discribed was found in
Shigella species during a dysentery outbreak in 1940
______ are designed to introduce foreign DNA to another cell
Artificial plasmids
The restriction enzyme site in artificial plasmids is called
cloning site
allows initiation of replication within a plasmid
Origin of Replication
allows selection (survival) of plasmid-containing bacteria
Antibiotic resistance gene
segment of DNA containing several restriction site
multiple cloning site
gene or DNA fragment cloned into the MCS
insert
drives transcription of the target gene, for the expression of protein
Promoter region
antibiotic resistance gene that allows for selection in bacteria
selectable markers
Initiation point for PCR amplification or sequencing
Primer binding site
Importance of antibiotic-resistance gene and why is it a selectable marker
- It only allows certain bacteria with the targeted gene to be grown with the presence of certain antibiotics.
5 Primer Site and Restriction Site
- the site that is cleaved by restriction endonuclease
what is their size
2kb to 100 kb
Plasmids render
pathogenicity to plants and animals
antimicrobial resistance
resistance to mutagenic agents
Plasmids can also perform the following
integrate in the chromosome
code for proteins
number of plasmids per host
1-2 per chromosome
two common type of plasmids that are naturally occuring
pUC18 - narrow host range
P-type plasmids - wide range
