L4.1 Extra chromosal elements

Question 1

circular molecules but can also be linear

Answer 1

plasmids

Question 2

replicons that are discerete and replicated independently

Answer 2

Plasmids

Question 3

Plasmids can also be found in plants and yeasts.

Answer 3

Yes. Linear Plasmids

Question 4

Plasmids can provide functional benefits by

Answer 4

carry antibiotic resistance
change degradative function
change virulenece function

Question 5

Natural plasmids carry the ____ or the _____ and what it does?

Answer 5

Origin of replication
Ori site- control the host range and copy number of plasmids and genes, as well as selectable markers

Question 6

What are selectable markers?

Answer 6

• kanamycins, ampicillin

Question 7

enzymes that cut a specific sequence on DNA

Answer 7

restriction endonucleases sites

Question 8

the first plasmid discribed was found in

Answer 8

Shigella species during a dysentery outbreak in 1940

Question 9

______ are designed to introduce foreign DNA to another cell

Answer 9

Artificial plasmids

Question 10

The restriction enzyme site in artificial plasmids is called

Answer 10

cloning site

Question 11

allows initiation of replication within a plasmid

Answer 11

Origin of Replication

Question 12

allows selection (survival) of plasmid-containing bacteria

Answer 12

Antibiotic resistance gene

Question 13

segment of DNA containing several restriction site

Answer 13

multiple cloning site

Question 14

gene or DNA fragment cloned into the MCS

Answer 14

insert

Question 15

drives transcription of the target gene, for the expression of protein

Answer 15

Promoter region

Question 16

antibiotic resistance gene that allows for selection in bacteria

Answer 16

selectable markers

Question 17

Initiation point for PCR amplification or sequencing

Answer 17

Primer binding site

Question 18

Importance of antibiotic-resistance gene and why is it a selectable marker

Answer 18

• It only allows certain bacteria with the targeted gene to be grown with the presence of certain antibiotics.

Question 19

5 Primer Site and Restriction Site

Answer 19

• the site that is cleaved by restriction endonuclease

Question 20

what is their size

Answer 20

2kb to 100 kb

Question 21

Plasmids render

Answer 21

pathogenicity to plants and animals
antimicrobial resistance
resistance to mutagenic agents

Question 22

Plasmids can also perform the following

Answer 22

integrate in the chromosome
code for proteins

Question 23

number of plasmids per host

Answer 23

1-2 per chromosome

Question 24

two common type of plasmids that are naturally occuring

Answer 24

pUC18 - narrow host range
P-type plasmids - wide range