L4 - non-immune mechanisms

Question 1

Intrinsic host defences

Answer 1

always present, apoptosis, autophagy, RNA silencing, antiviral proteins

Question 2

Innate defence

Answer 2

induced by infection

macrophages and natural killer cells

Question 3

adaptive immuntiy

Answer 3

tailored to a pathogen

Question 4

Epithelium

Answer 4

tissue composed of cells that line the cavities and surfaces of structures throughout the body, many glands also formed

Question 5

epithelium location

Answer 5

lies on top of connective tissue

Question 6

basement membrane

Answer 6

separates connective tissue and epithelium layers

Question 7

Respiratory epithelium

Answer 7

erves to moisten and protect the airways, also acts as a barrier to potential pathogens

Question 8

Mucocilliary escalator

Answer 8

action prevents tissue injury and infection

Question 9

Airway mucus

Answer 9

viscoelastic gel containing water, carbohydrates, proteins and lipids

Question 10

Mucus

Answer 10

secreted by goblet cells fo the airway surface epithelium and submucosal glands

Question 11

Mucus function

Answer 11

protects epithelium from foreign materials and fluid loss

Question 12

Cilia

Answer 12

beat in directional waves to move mucus up the wairtways, transport mucus from lower respiratory tract into the pharynx

Question 13

Cough

Answer 13

expulsive reflex that protects lungs and respiratory passages from foreign bodies

Question 14

cough causes

Answer 14

irritants, disease conditions an dinfections

Question 15

sneeze

Answer 15

involuntary expulsion of air containing irritants from nose

Question 16

sneeze causes

Answer 16

irritation of nasal mucosa or excess fluid in the airway

Question 17

Epithelium and infections

Answer 17

following infection the epithelium makes a complete recovery because it has functional plasticity

Question 18

metaplasia

Answer 18

reversible replacement of one differentiated cell type with another mature differentiated cell type

Question 19

obstructive lung disease

Answer 19

mucus and inflammatory cells blocking the airways