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CPRS > L4 - Gross Anatomy Of Heart > Flashcards

L4 - Gross Anatomy Of Heart Flashcards

1
Q

What is circulatory system

A

Cardiovascular system + Lymphatic system

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2
Q

What is cardiovascular system

A
  1. Heart
  2. Blood (5 litres)
  3. Blood vessels
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3
Q

Location of heart

A

2nd to 5th ICS
Deep to the sternum
2/3 of heart in left of median plane
Superior to diaphragm

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4
Q

Landmark: Apex of the heart

A

Left midclavicular line, 5th intercostal space

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5
Q

Landmark: Left and Right border of heart

A 
Line between:
Left border of heart:
1cm left edge sternum, 2nd left costal cartilage
Apex of heart
On left ventricle

Right border of heart:
1cm right edge sternum, 3rd right costal cartilage
1cm right edge sternum, 6th right costal cartilage
On right atrium

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6
Q

3 layers of wall of heart

A
  1. Endocardium (endothelial cells)
  2. Myocardium (cardiac muscle)
  3. Epicardium (connective tissues, with coronary arteries)
  4. Pericardium (Fibrous + Parietal + Sac + Visceral)

Epicardium = Visceral pericardium

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7
Q

Landmark: Transverse and Oblique Pericardial Sinus

A

Transverse Pericardial Sinus:
Between Aorta and Pulmonary artery anteriorly
Superior vena cava posteriorly

Oblique Pericardial Sinus:
Posterior to left atrium

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8
Q

Right atrium and right ventricle divided externally by

Left atrium and left ventricle divided externally by

A

Coronary sulcus

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9
Q

Features of Right atrium

A

Divided internally by Crista terminalis:

  1. Atrium proper (anterior with pectinate muscle)
  2. Sinus venarum (smooth posterior)
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10
Q
  1. Right atrium and left atrium divided by

2. Right ventricle and left ventricular divided by

A
  1. Interatrial septum, contains fossa ovalis

2. Interventricular septum, thinner upper membranous, thicker lower muscular

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11
Q

Right atrium receives blood from

A
  1. Superior and Inferior VC

2. Coronary sinus

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12
Q

Location of SA node and AV node

A

SA node: Lateral of superior cavo-atrial junction, deep to Crista terminalis

AV node: Right side of interatrial septum, junction of atria and ventricles

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13
Q

Features of right ventricle

A
  1. Trabecular carneae (irregular muscle projecting from inner surface of ventricle)
  2. Papillary muscle (anterior, posterior, septal)
  3. Chordae tendineae
  4. Septomarginal trabecula (carries part of AV bundle)
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14
Q

Features of left ventricle

A
  1. Trabeculae carneae
  2. Papillary muscle (anterior and posterior ONLY)
  3. Chordae tendineae
  4. No septomarginal trabecula
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16
Q

2 Types of Valvular disease

A
  1. Stenotic —> backing up of blood

2. Insufficiency —> regurgitation

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17
Q

Describe heart sound

A

Lub: S1, loudest at apex, when systole begin
Dub: S2, loudest at base (heard at Erb’s point), when diastole begin

18
Q

Sequence of conduction system of heart

A

SA node (spread throughout atria)
—> AV node (impulse delayed)
—> AV bundle / Bundle of His
—> Purkinje fibre (spread throughout ventricles)

19
Q

Components of cardiac skeleton

A

Dense connective tissue, fibrous skeleton

  1. Pulmonary ring
  2. Aortic ring
  3. Right fibrous ring (Tricuspid)
  4. Left fibrous ring (Mitral)
  5. Left and Right trigone
  6. Conus tendon
20
Q

Functions of cardiac skeleton

A
  1. Anchor heart valve cusps
  2. Point of insertion of AV bundle
  3. Separate atria from ventricles
  4. Electrical insulation between atria and ventricles
21
Q

Where does left and right coronary artery arise from?

A

Left: left aortic sinus (in left semilunar cusp)
Right: right aortic sinus (in right semilunar cusp)

22
Q

What do left and right coronary arteries supply?

A

Left CA:
LA, LV, AV bundle, interventicular septum

Right CA:
RA, RV, SA node, AV node, interventricular septum

23
Q

Where do left and right coronary arteries travel in?

A

Left CA: Anterior interventricular sulcus + Coronary sulcus

Right CA: Posterior interventricular sulcus + Coronary sulcus

24
Q

What are the branches of left and right CA?

A

Left:

  1. LAD / Anterior interventricular branch
  2. Circumflex
  3. Left marginal (of circumflex)

Right:

  1. Posterior interventricular branch
  2. Sinuatrialnodal branch
  3. Right marginal (of RCA)
25
Q

4 Cardiac veins

A
  1. Great (along anterior interventricular sulcus, parallel LAD)
  2. Middle (along posterior interventricular sulcus, parallel posterior interventricular branch)
  3. Small (with right CA and right marginal artery)
  4. Posterior (with left marginal artery)
  5. Anterior
  6. Smallest
    ALL drains into coronary sinus —> right atrium except Anterior and Smallest
26
Q

Location of cardiac plexus

A

Base of the heart

27
Q

Sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves for cardiac muscle

A

Sympathetic: T1 to T4 segments
Parasympathetic: Vagus nerve

28
Q

Position of left auricle

A

Wrapped anteriorly between root of pulmonary trunk and LA

CPRS (75 decks)

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