L4: Evidences for Biological Evolution Flashcards
The similarity in the basic structure of different animal groups based on common ancestry or origin from some common structural patterns
Homology
Who introduced the concept of homology?
Richard Owen
Levels of homology in species
- Genetic Homology
- Developmental Homology
- Structural Homology
Level of Homology
The most fundamental
Genetic Homology
Level of Homology
Genetic homology exists in […]
- Similarity in DNA sequences
- Existence of universal genetic code (64 codons)
- Similarity in plasma membrane structure
- Similarity in mechanism of transcription and translation via same RNA polymerase
- Use of ATP as energy currency
- Similarity in mechanism of DNA replication via DNA polymerase
Level of Homology
Seen in the overall process of development; due to homologous genes
Developmental Homology
Level of Homology
Similarities in adult morphology in organisms of different groups and are the results of homologous genes
Structural Homology
The 4 types of homology
- Phylogenetic
- Sexual
- Serial
- Molecular
Types of Homology
Similarity among organisms of different species
Phylogenetic Homology
Types of Homology
Parallelism in the male and female reproductive organs of the same species
Sexual Homology
Types of Homology
Observed among invertebrates
Serial Homology
Types of Homology
Similarity in the biomolecules
Molecular Homology
The presence of homologous organs in different groups confirms […]
- common ancestry and interrelationships among different groups
- occurrence of divergent evolution
The superficial similarity in appearance between organs of different animal groups because they carry out the same function but are evolved independently
Analogous or homoplasious organs
Organisms of the same or closely related groups occupying different habitats assume different appearances and their homologous structures exhibit great change in form and function
Adaptive Divergence
or
Divergent Evolution
