L2: Phylogenetics Flashcards
The study of ancestor-descendant relationships
Phylogenetics
A hypothesis of ancestor-descendant relationships
Phylogeny
A graphical summary of a phylogeny
Phylogenetic Tree
Any attribute of an organism that can provide insights into its history
Character
Cladistic Character State
Refers to the ancestral character state
Plesiomorphy
Cladistic Character State
A character state different than the ancestral state; also known as derived state
Apomorphy
Cladistic Character State
A derived character state that is shared by two or more taxa due to inheritance from a common ancestor
Synapomorphy
Cladistic Character State
A uniquely derived character state
Autapomorphy
A group that includes all the descendants of a common ancestor
Monophyletic
Monophyletic groups are also known as […]
clades
A group that includes some, but not all of the descendants of a common ancestor
Paraphyletic
Assemblages of taxa that have been erroneously grouped on the basis of homoplasious characters
Polyphyletic
A character state shared between two taxa inherited from a common ancestor
Homology
A character state shared between two taxa evolved independently
Homoplasy or Analogy
Homoplasy
Independent evolution of the same feature from the same ancestral condition
Parallel Evolution
