L4 - chem control Flashcards
Fungicides - 2 groups
they act upon what?
Protectant - modify protein SH groups
Systemic - modify specific processes
Intro of what led to large use of fungicides on cereals when ?
Systemic fungicides
1970’s
what fungicide binds to B-tubulin of ?
was used for control of
Benzimidazole - benomyl inhibits B tubulin syn therefore cant cell divide or prod microtubules
oomycetes
Botrytis cinerea
EBI’s are what do what
mutations were can lead to res?
ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors
inhibit ergosterol main sterol of true fungi, include DMI”s demthylation inhibitors (lanosterol) - inhibit cytochrome P450 enzyme CPY51 main group azoles
mutations in CPY51 gene can lead to partial resistance to DMIs (alteration of target site)
Mefenoxam is a
mutations were can lead to resistance to fungicide
Acylalanines
is a optical isomer of metalaxyl
mutation is RPA190 subunit of RNA polymerase 1 (Y382F mutation)
mution arose form a SNP mutation - this showed 86% asssociation with metalaxy resistance (alteration of target site)
Acylalanines interfer with
RNA systnthesis is effective again oomyctetes e.g P. infestans
what was a major outbreak in swiss vineyards
what type of resistance
Botrytis cinerea became resistance to the benzimidazole benomyl.
Alteration of target site, mutation in B tubulin gene meant benomyl could not bind
Mechanisms for resistance to fungicide include:
Dad always over eats sausage rolls
- Detoxification
- alteration of target site
- overexpression of target protein
- exclusion from site of action - sequencing + reduced net uptake.
Example of reduced net uptake
fenarimol (EBI) + aspergillus
overexpression of ABC transporters
What strategies can help prevent build up of resistance to chemical fungicides?
- crop management
2. fungicide deployment
what is the best way to apply chemical fungicides?
- use diff fungicides at diff times
2. use mixtures of fungicides
Best strategy combine chemical and biological control - integration strategies
current study has tested this were?
De Curtis 2019
of biological and chemical control of
brown rot of stone fruits (apricots + peaches)
to reduce disease incidence on fruits and minimize fungicide residues in juice
Brown rot is a major disease of stone fruits caused by
De Curtis 2019
Monilinia spp
De Curtis 2019
Brown rot on stone fruits used what biological control ?
what chemical control
Rhodotorula kratochvilovae strain LS11 and the commercial biofungicide Serenade Max
cyprodinil and boscalid fungicides
the control of ? in ? was more effective using both biologicaland chemical than fungicide alone
Rahardjo 2019
white rust
chrysanthemum
Rahardjo 2019
