L4 Bio Chem Slide Questions

Question 1

Which FOUR elements do amino acids contain?

Answer 1

Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen

Question 2

What’s the difference between DNA and RNA?

Answer 2

DNA contains DEOXYRIBOSE whereas RNA contains Ribose….. and

DNA is double helix
RNA is single strand

Question 3

What is meant by an ‘enzyme’

Answer 3

Enzymes are biological catylists, they allow reactions in our body to happen under mild conditions.

They provide an alternative lower energy pathway.

Question 4

What drives the 3D structure of proteins?

Answer 4

it’s the sequence of AMINO ACIDS. some AA want to be on the inside (the hydrophobic ones) whereas the hydrophilic ones want to be on the outside…. PLUS the conditions the proteins are in SO is it at the correct pH because proteins will adjust their structure when the pH changes.

Question 5

What is a Co-factor and give an example

Answer 5

typically a vitamin or mineral BUT is essential for the enzyme to function correctly.

eg., zinc in alcohol dyhydrogenase

Question 6

What’s the bonds between two amino acids?

Answer 6

di-peptide bond

created by DEHYDRATION synthesis
and
broken by HYDROLYSIS.

Question 7

Explain how human and plant enzymes differ?

Answer 7

Plant enzymes tolerate a wider range of pH.

Bromelain is intact passing through the pH of the stomach. if our digestive tract is healthy, the rate of absorption is high.

They’re less likely to be denatured by changing pH through the GIT

plant enzymes are denatured by HEAT

Plant enzymes are destroyed by MICROWAVING food.

Question 8

What happens if human enzyme activity goes above 40deg

Answer 8

enzymes stop functioning correctly and start to break down.

Question 9

At what pH does salivary amylase work best?

Answer 9

pH 7 …… so chew well before swallowing

Question 10

Describe TWO specific effects of SERAPEPTASE

Answer 10

It’s a powerful anti-inflammatory enzyme, helps
THIN BLOOD and
REMOVE damaged tissue from the body

Question 11

What does ATP stand for and what’s its role?

Answer 11

Adenosine Tri-Phosphate
It’s our energy currency, used to trap energy from when we burn glucose ..
and used to spend energy to fuel metabolic processes.

Question 12

Which mineral exists in a complex with ATP?

Answer 12

magnesium
ATP lives in a complex with magnesium and it’s vital for releasing energy from ATP

Question 13

Describe TWO functions of CoQ10?

Answer 13

1) Its an important Co-Factor for our electron transport chain
2) it’s a really vital ANTIOXIDANT

Question 14

Which stage of cellular respiration occurs in cytosol?

Answer 14

First stage - glycolsyis

Question 15

Which TWO nutrients are important co-factors for glycolysis?

Answer 15

Magnesium as we have to put some ATP in

B3 as we will use NAD as an energy carrier.

Question 16

Where does the KREBS cycle occur?

Answer 16

This happens in the mitochondrial MATRIX

Question 17

Describe TWO potential therapeutic uses of a ketogenic diet.

Answer 17

1) Childhood epilepsy

2) Neurodegenerative diseases e.g. alzeimers , Parkinsons

Question 18

What molecule is needed to help ferry fatty acids into mitochondria?

Answer 18

Carnitine

Question 19

Which TWO vitamins are needed for the removal of nitrogen from Amino Acids (AA)?

Answer 19

Vitamin B3 and B6

Question 20

List TWO herbs that can support mitochondrial function/ health

Answer 20

adaptogenic herbs eg., rhodiola and gynseng or
antioxidant herbs eg., ghinghko and rosemary

Question 21

‘EXERCISE’
Produce a summary diagram/poster,
Summarise the events that happen in energy production. Include an overview of each stage and where they happen in the cell.
Note on your diagram, what nutrient is needed for each stage and where oxygen is required.

So it’s what’s involved in converting glucose into energy that the body can use.

Answer 21

End of lecture task for us.