L4

Question 1

an aggregate of one or moreminerals and may contain organic residues.

Answer 1

ROCKS

Question 2

is a naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals, or organic matter

Answer 2

Rock

Question 3

are classified by how they are formed, their composition, and texture

Answer 3

Rock

Question 4

change over time through the rock cycle

Answer 4

Rock

Question 5

Types of rocks

Answer 5

Igneous rocks
Sedimentary rocks
Metamorphic rocks

Question 6

rocks that are formed from the solidification of molten rock material (magma or lava).

Answer 6

IGNEOUS ROCKS

Question 7

is a molten rock material beneath the surface of the earth.

Answer 7

MAGMA

Question 8

is molten rock material extruded to the surface of the earth through volcanic or fissure eruptions.

Answer 8

LAVA

Question 9

from solidified magma underneath the earth

Answer 9

PLUTONIC/INTRUSIVE ROCKS

Question 10

gradual lowering of the temperature gradient at depth towards the surface would cause slow cooling/crystallization

Answer 10

PLUTONIC/INTRUSIVE ROCKS

Question 11

from solidified lava at or near the surface of the earth

Answer 11

VOLCANIC/EXTRUSIVE ROCKS

Question 12

fast rate of cooling/crystallization due to huge variance in the temperature between Earth’s surface and underneath

Answer 12

VOLCANIC/EXTRUSIVE ROCKS

Question 13

These are rocks that formed through the accumulation, compaction, and cementation of sediments. They generally form at surface or near surface conditions.

Answer 13

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

Question 14

at or near the surface of the Earth include: weathering of rocks, sediment transport and deposition, compaction and cementation

Answer 14

Sedimentary processes

Question 15

form from the accumulation and lithification of sediments derived from the breakdown of pre-existing rocks. They are further classified according to dominant grain size.

Answer 15

CLASTIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

Question 16

Compacted and cemented sediments

Answer 16

Clastic

Question 17

derived from sediments that precipitated from concentrated solutions (e.g. seawater) or from the accumulation of biologic or organic material (e.g. shells, plant material).

Answer 17

NON CLASTIC/CHEMICAL/BIOCHEMICAL SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

Question 18

They are further classified on the basis of chemical composition.

Answer 18

NON-CLASTIC/CHEMICAL/BIOCHEMICAL SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

Question 19

rocks that form from the transformation of pre-existing rocks (igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic rocks) through the process of metamorphism.

Answer 19

METAMORPHIC ROCKS

Question 20

can involve changes in the physical and chemical properties of rocks in response to heat, pressure, and chemically active fluids.

Answer 20

Metamorphism

Question 21

Pressure as main factor: occurs in areas that have undergone deformation during orogenic event resulting in mountain belts

Answer 21

Foliated Rocks

Question 22

Creates foliated metamorphic rocks such as schist and gneiss

Answer 22

Foliated Rocks

Question 23

Heat as the main factor: occurs when a pre-existing rocks get in contact with a heat source (magma)

Answer 23

Non-Foliated Rocks

Question 24

Occurs on a relatively small scale: around the vicinity of intruding magma

Answer 24

Non-Foliated Rocks

Question 25

Creates non-foliated metamorphic rocks (e.g. quartzite)

Answer 25

Non-Foliated Rocks