L4 Flashcards
an aggregate of one or moreminerals and may contain organic residues.
ROCKS
is a naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals, or organic matter
Rock
are classified by how they are formed, their composition, and texture
Rock
change over time through the rock cycle
Rock
Types of rocks
Igneous rocks
Sedimentary rocks
Metamorphic rocks
rocks that are formed from the solidification of molten rock material (magma or lava).
IGNEOUS ROCKS
is a molten rock material beneath the surface of the earth.
MAGMA
is molten rock material extruded to the surface of the earth through volcanic or fissure eruptions.
LAVA
from solidified magma underneath the earth
PLUTONIC/INTRUSIVE ROCKS
gradual lowering of the temperature gradient at depth towards the surface would cause slow cooling/crystallization
PLUTONIC/INTRUSIVE ROCKS
from solidified lava at or near the surface of the earth
VOLCANIC/EXTRUSIVE ROCKS
fast rate of cooling/crystallization due to huge variance in the temperature between Earth’s surface and underneath
VOLCANIC/EXTRUSIVE ROCKS
These are rocks that formed through the accumulation, compaction, and cementation of sediments. They generally form at surface or near surface conditions.
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
at or near the surface of the Earth include: weathering of rocks, sediment transport and deposition, compaction and cementation
Sedimentary processes
form from the accumulation and lithification of sediments derived from the breakdown of pre-existing rocks. They are further classified according to dominant grain size.
CLASTIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
Compacted and cemented sediments
Clastic
derived from sediments that precipitated from concentrated solutions (e.g. seawater) or from the accumulation of biologic or organic material (e.g. shells, plant material).
NON CLASTIC/CHEMICAL/BIOCHEMICAL SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
They are further classified on the basis of chemical composition.
NON-CLASTIC/CHEMICAL/BIOCHEMICAL SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
rocks that form from the transformation of pre-existing rocks (igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic rocks) through the process of metamorphism.
METAMORPHIC ROCKS
can involve changes in the physical and chemical properties of rocks in response to heat, pressure, and chemically active fluids.
Metamorphism
Pressure as main factor: occurs in areas that have undergone deformation during orogenic event resulting in mountain belts
Foliated Rocks
Creates foliated metamorphic rocks such as schist and gneiss
Foliated Rocks
Heat as the main factor: occurs when a pre-existing rocks get in contact with a heat source (magma)
Non-Foliated Rocks
Occurs on a relatively small scale: around the vicinity of intruding magma
Non-Foliated Rocks
Creates non-foliated metamorphic rocks (e.g. quartzite)
Non-Foliated Rocks
