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Earth Science > L3 > Flashcards

L3 Flashcards

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1
Q

a naturally occurring (not man-made or machine generated), inorganic (not a byproduct of living things) solid with an orderly crystalline structure and a definite chemical composition

A

MINERALS

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2
Q

an aggregate of one or moreminerals and may contain organic residues.

A

ROCKS

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3
Q

have properties which may prove useful for their identification

A

Minerals

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4
Q

PROPERTIES OF MINERALS:

A

Luster
Hardness
Crystal Form/ Habit
Color and Streak
Cleavage
Specific Gravity

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5
Q

It is the quality and intensity of reflected light exhibited by the mineral

A

LUSTER

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6
Q

generally opaque and exhibit a resplendent shine similar to a polished metal

A

Metallic

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7
Q

vitreous (glassy), adamantine (brilliant/diamond-like), resinous, silky, pearly, dull (earthy), greasy, among others.

A

Non-metallic

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8
Q

It is a measure of the resistance of a mineral (not specifically surface) to abrasion.

A

HARDNESS

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9
Q

It is measured using the hardness scale designed by German geologist/mineralogist

A

HARDNESS

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10
Q

It is measured using the hardness scale designed by German geologist/mineralogist_______

A

Friedrich Mohs in 1812

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11
Q

most hardest mineral

A

Diamond

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12
Q

Low hardness mineral

A

Talc

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13
Q

The external shape of a crystal or groups of crystals is displayed / observed as these crystals grow in open spaces. The form reflects the supposedly internal structure (of atoms and ions) of the crystal (mineral).

A

CRYSTAL FORM/HABIT

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14
Q

A mineral that do not have a crystal structure is described as _____-

A

amorphous

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15
Q

A lot of minerals can exhibit same or similar colors.

A

Color and Streak

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16
Q

Individual minerals can also display a variety of____resulting from impurities and also from some geologic processes like weathering.

A

COLORS

17
Q

on the other hand, is the mineral’s color in powdered form. It is inherent in almost every mineral, and is a more diagnostic property compared to color.

A

Streak

18
Q

The property of some minerals to break along specific planes of weakness to form smooth, flat surfaces

A

CLEAVAGE

19
Q

HOW DO WE GROUP MINERALS?

A

We group them based on chemical composition.

20
Q

minerals containing the two most abundant elements in the Earth’s crust, namely, silicon and oxygen.

A

SILICATES

21
Q

When linked together, these two elements form the silicon-oxygen ______ - the fundamental building block of silicate minerals.

A

tetrahedron

22
Q

the fundamental building block of silicate minerals.

A

tetrahedron

23
Q

Over 90% of rock-forming minerals belong to this group.

A

SILICATES

24
Q

minerals composed of oxygen anion (O2 -) combined with one or more metal ions

A

OXIDES

25
Q

minerals containing sulfur and oxygen in the form of the (SO4) - anion

A

SULFATES

26
Q

minerals containing sulfur and a metal; some are sources of economically important metals such as copper, lead, and zinc.

A

SULFIDES

27
Q

minerals containing the carbonate (CO3)2 - anion combined with other elements

A

CARBONATES

28
Q

minerals that form as individual elements

A

NATIVE

29
Q

minerals with high thermal and electrical conductivity, typically with metallic luster, low hardness (gold, lead)

A

Metals and Intermetals

30
Q

minerals that are more fragile than metals and have lower conductivity (arsenic, bismuth)

A

Semi-metals

31
Q

nonconductive (sulfur, diamond)

A

Nonmetals

32
Q

minerals containing halogen elements combined with one or more metals

A

HALIDES

Earth Science (4 decks)

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