L34 - Sleep Flashcards
What are the three devices used to measure sleep? What method combines the results of these three?
1) Electro Myogram
2) Electro Oculogram
3) Electro Encephalogram
Using polysomnography
Difference between N-REM and REM sleep
N-REM/REM (Paradoxical sleep)
- Slow EEG/EEG similar to awake person
- High amplitude/Low
- Muscular activity/No
- Dreaming rare/common
- Easily awakened/Hard to arouse
- 80& of sleep time/20%
Describe the NREM and REM patterns of an insomniac
NREM - reduced deep sleep (stages 3&4)
REM - early, more frequent
Define chronic insomnia
Having one of the following problems for at least 3 days a week for at least 3 months
- Difficulty initiating sleep
- Difficulty maintaining sleep
- Waking early than desired,
- Resistance to going to bed on appropriate schedule
- Difficulty sleeping without a parent or caregiver
GABA is active/inactive in wakefulness? NREM sleep? REM sleep?
ACh active/inacive in REM? Monamine?
W-inactive
NREM-active
REM-inactive
ACh active, Monoamine inactive
Drugs used to treat sleep
BZ, Non BZ (Zolpidem *sedative, hypnotic, amnesic)
People with narcolepsy/cataplexy don’t have? If you tell them a joke, what happens?
Orexin neurons
Amygdala is stimulated and they fall asleep onto the ground
Orexin (hypocretin) is found in? Active during? Silent in?
Lateral hypothalamus, active wake stage, NREM and REM sleep
Genetic ablation of orexin nerons in mice results in?
Narcolepsy, hypophagia (reduction in food intake and eating behavior), obesisty
*Mice model does not apply in humans
In humans, there has been no change in the Ox2 R - the narcolepsy is attributed to lack of orexin in brain and orexin producing neurons. In animals like mice and dogs, they have defects with the receptors that lead to narcolepsy.
In humans, there has been no change in the Ox2 R - the narcolepsy is attributed to lack of orexin in brain and orexin producing neurons. In animals like mice and dogs, they have defects with the receptors that lead to narcolepsy.
