L34 - Reproduction 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are male reproductive functions?

A

spermatogenesis, hormone secretion, delivery of sperm to the female, fall asleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are female reproductive functions?

A

oogenesis, hormone secretion, reception of sperm, fertilization, gestation, parturition, lactation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When does spermatogenesis begin?

A

puberty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When does oogenesis begin?

A

fetal life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the characteristics of gametogenesis in males?

A

quiescent till puberty (mitosis stage)

4 sperm per germ cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the characteristics of gametogenesis in females?

A

development in embryo (start of meiosis)
born with all her 1˚ oocytes
1 egg per germ cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the hormones released by the anterior pituitary gland?

A

ACTH (adrenocorticotropin)
FSH, LH (reproduction)
TSH (thyroid)
GH (growth hormone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the hormones released by the posterior pituitary gland?

A

vasopressin (ADH) and oxytocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is GnRH?

A

tropic hormone which releases gonadotropins

GnRH = gonadotropin-releasing hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is LH?

A

luteinizing hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is FSH?

A

follicle-stimulating hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the major hormones in males and females?

A

androgens (includes testosterone) are dominant in males
oestrogens are dominant in females
progesterone in females; ‘pro-gestation’
inhibin; negative feedback!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which cells carry out spermatogenesis?

A

sertoli cells support and regulate spermatogenesis + supply androgen binding protein
leydig cells supply testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How is spermatogenesis regulated?

A

GnRH stimulates the release of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary gland -> LH stimulates leydig cells to release testosterone while FSH stimulates sertoli cells to release cell products which support sperm development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the role of testosterone?

A

aids in sperm development and is sent out into the rest of the body to elicit a variety of effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How is testosterone sequestered in different parts of the body?

A

sertoli cells release androgen-binding protein (ABP) which binds to testosterone and sequesters it inside the testes
in the blood, testosterone binds to serum albumin and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)

17
Q

If you wished to reduce sperm production without inhibiting testosterone levels, you could block production of:

18
Q

Is testosterone secretion continuous from puberty?

A

yes, provides negative feedback to LH and GnRH

19
Q

Which hormones are involved in negative feedback?

A

inhibin and testosterone

20
Q

If a man were to take testosterone supplements…

A

LH levels would decrease

endogenous testosterone production would decrease

21
Q

What happens during the ovarian cycle?

A

a single follicle is selected for maturation -> as it matures, theca and granulosa cells regulate hormonal balance -> ovulation occurs and egg leaves ruptured follicle -> follicle is converted into a corpus luteum

22
Q

Where do the primary hormones come from?

A

GnRH from the hypothalamus
FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary
oestrogen, progesterone and inhibin from ovary

23
Q

How is the early to mid follicular phase hormonally controlled?

A

FSH stimulates a follicle to start developing
LH stimulates theca cells to release androgens -> androgens are converted into estrogens by granulosa cells -> estrogens have a local + feedback loop on the granulosa cells to ramp up estrogen production and a - feedback loop on FSH, LH and GnRH which ensures that other follicles aren’t selected

24
Q

What is the role of Anti-Müllerian hormone?

A

reduces sensitivity of other follicles to FSH, allowing a single dominant follicle to emerge

25
How is the late follicular and ovulation phase hormonally controlled?
when estrogen reaches a certain level, system switches from - feedback to + feedback resulting in surges in LH and FSH -> LH surge is directly responsible for stimulating ovulation FSH does not increase as much due to secretion of inhibin
26
How is the early to mid luteal phase hormonally controlled?
corpus luteum releases progesterone, estrogen and inhibin high progesterone maintains the endometrium inhibin decreases follicles there is also a decrease in GnRH, LH and FSH
27
How is the late luteal phase hormonally controlled (when no pregnancy)?
CL spontaneously dies, low hormones, menses, higher FSH and LH -> new follicle
28
If follicles lost their sensitivity to gonadotropins...
GnRH/FSH/LH levels would increase and estrogen levels would decrease