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SL12102 - the science of medicines > L33 - overview of absorption via different routes > Flashcards

L33 - overview of absorption via different routes Flashcards

1
Q

enteral drug delivery

A
  1. within or by intestine
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2
Q

parenteral drug delivery

A

located outside alimentary canal, taken into body or administered in manner other than digestive tract

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3
Q

intradermal injection

A

into epidermis

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4
Q

intravenous drug delivery advantages

A
  1. fast
  2. precise dosing, large volumes possible
  3. 100% bioavailability
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5
Q

intravenous drug delivery disadvantages

A
  1. can be toxic with rapid Cp elevation (can be controlled by infusion)
  2. suitable vein
  3. need professional
  4. cost
  5. duration
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6
Q

intramuscular drug delivery

A
  • rich capillary bed
  • passive diffusion of drug
  • blood flow important
  • carrier solvent absorption
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7
Q

advantages of intramuscular drug delivery

A
  • large volume
  • sustained release
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8
Q

disadvantages of intramuscular drug delivery

A
  • need professional
  • erratic absorption
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9
Q

subcutaneous drug delivery

A

passive diffusion into capillaries or lymphatics (peptides)

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10
Q

advantages of subcutaneous drug delivery

A
  • slow, sustained delivery
  • self adminsiteation
  • implants for long term delivery
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11
Q

disadvantages of subcutaneous drug delivery

A
  • small doses
  • pain + irritation from repeated injections
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12
Q

where is squamous epithelium found?

A

alveoli

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13
Q

where is stratified squamous epithelium found?

A

cornea, skin, mouth

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14
Q

where is columnar epithelium found?

A

nasal cavity, gi tract

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15
Q

where is cuboidal epithelium found?

A

ductal lining

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16
Q

nasal drug delivery

A
  • topical delivery
  • avoidance of first pass metabolism
  • drugs sensitive to intestinal metabolism
  • acid-sensitive drugs
  • polar compounds with poor oral absorption
17
Q

what types of drugs can diffuse through nasal epithelium?

A

small lipophilic drugs, then they enter circulation with up to 100% bioavailability

18
Q

main function of nasal cavity

A
  • air conditioning
    (temp, humidity, filtration + smell)
19
Q

nasal epithelium & drug deposition

A
  • large SA due to microvilli
  • protective mucus layer
  • cillia for clearance
  • mucus acts as physical barrier + chemical barrier
20
Q

nose to brain drug delivery

A
  • olfactory epithelium: blood brain barrier not present
  • drugs can enter brain directly via paracellular diffusion/ axonal transport via olfactory nerves
21
Q

ocular drug delivery

A
  • for local condiitons
  • not systemic delivery
22
Q

corneal structure & absorption routes

A
  1. corneal route: major route via transcellular (lipophilic) or paracellular (hydrophilic) diffusion
  2. conjunctival route: drug passes through conjunctiva and sclera, most drugs lost in capillary bed + enter circulation
23
Q

vaginal drug delivery

A
  • local effect
  • can hold 2-3mL fluid
  • enzyme activity lower than in gi
24
Q

pulmonary drug delivery

A
  • treats respiratory conditions
  • can reduce dose needed if given by other routes
  • drugs delivered by nebulisers, dry powder inhalers, metered dose inhalers
  • lungs oxygenate blood so huge potential for systemic delivery
25
Q

factors affecting pulmonary drug absorption

A
  1. mucus
  2. SA: large, so fast administration possible
  3. blood supply: large so no hepatic first pass
26
Q

transdermal drug administration

A
  • skin is barriwe
  • no gi metabolism
  • no hepatic first pass
  • patches deliver in contorledd manner
  • easily removed
27
Q

what does skin prevent?

A

water + nutrient loss

28
Q

the stratum corneum

A
  • dead flattened cells
  • inside of memb is protein coated
  • lipid rafts between cells
  • barrier to water loss
29
Q

factors affecting transdermal drug absorption

A
  1. hydration of SC
  2. pH
  3. age
  4. injury + disease
  5. thickness of site
  6. cutaneous first pass
30
Q

transdermal delivery for systemic effects

A
  • for potent drugs
  • sustained concentrations
  • control of delivery
  • reduced dosing frequency
  • fewer side-effects are possible
  • can be stopped at any time
31
Q

micro needles

A

temporarily increase skin permeability

SL12102 - the science of medicines (27 decks)

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