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Phys Exam 4 > L33 & 34 > Flashcards

L33 & 34 Flashcards

1
Q

What is tidal volume (Vt)?

A

The volume of air entering or leaving the lungs during a single breath. Includes the volumes that fills the alveoli and the what fills the airway.

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2
Q

What is the inspiratory reserve (IRV)?

A

Additional volume inspired above Vt, used when exercising

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3
Q

What is the expiratory reserve volume (ERV)?

A

Additional volume expired below Vt.

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4
Q

What is residual volume (RV)?

A

Volume of gas left in lungs after maximal forced expiration. Cannot be measured by Spirometry

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5
Q

What is inspiratory capacity?

A

Vt + IRV

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6
Q

What is the functional reserve capacity?

A

Volume of air in the lungs at the end of normal passive expiration or normal Vt (ERV+ RV)

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7
Q

What is vital capacity? What changes it?

A

Volume expired after maximal inspiration (IC+ ERV)

  • Increases with male gender, increased body size, and physical conditioning.
  • Decreases with age
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8
Q

What is total lung capacity?

A

Sum of all 4 lung volumes. The maximum volume of air that the lungs can hold

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9
Q

What increases the RV/TLC ratio?

A

Obstructive lung disease (by increasing RV) and restrictive lung disease (by decreasing TLC)

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10
Q

What is forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) used for?

A

To differentiate between lung diseases

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11
Q

How is physiologic dead space calculated?

A

VD= Vt (PaCO2 - PECO2/ PaCO2)

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12
Q

What is the average diet RQ?

A

0.8

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13
Q

What produces the intrapleural fluid?

A

Parietal pleura

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14
Q

What is the function of the conducting zone?

A

To bring air into and out of the respiratory zone

-Warms, humidifies, and filters air before it reaches gas exchange.

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15
Q

What are the mucous secreting cells?

A

Goblet cells

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16
Q

What does SNS activation do to airway diameter and resistance?

A

Increased diameter, decrease resistance

17
Q

What does PNS activation do to airway diameter and resistance?

A

Decreased diameter and increased resistance

18
Q

What is the Ficks law of diffusion?

A

The amount of gas moving across a tissue is proportional to the area but inversely proportional to its thickness

19
Q

What are the pores of Kohn?

A

Pores in the walls of alveoli that allow airflow between adjacent cells.

20
Q

What are the two types of alveolar cells and what do they do?

A
  • Type 1: wall forming

- Type 2: surfactant producing

21
Q

What are the two layers that facilitate mucociliary transport?

A

The sol fluid layer and the gel fluid layer

22
Q

What regulates the sol fluid layer?

A

-Regulated by cAMP/calcium chloride channels (CFTR)

23
Q

What is ciliary dyskinesia?

A

Recessive genetic disorder that results in defect in gene encoding for dynein, which compromises mucociliary clearance

24
Q

Typically, forced viral capacity (FVC) is expired in **.

A

3 seconds

25
Q

Normally, FEV1/FVC = ***. What does this mean?

A

0.8

80% of the VC can be forcibly expired in the 1st second

26
Q

How does fibrosis affect FEV1 and FVC?

A

It decreases both, however FVC has a greater decrease. Therefore FEV1/FVC is increased.

27
Q

How does asthma affect FEV1 and FVC?

A

Both are decreased, however FEV1 has a greater decrease. Therefore, FEV1/FVC is decreased.

28
Q

What is the difference between anatomic and physiologic dead space?

A

Anatomic dead space is the conducting zone, physiologic dead space is the total volume of the lungs not participating in gas exchange.

29
Q

What are the two ways that ventilation relate can be expressed, including the equations.

A

-Minute ventilation
Minute ventilation = Vt x breaths/min

-Alveolar ventilation:
Alveolar ventilation= (Vt-Vd) x breaths/min

Vd= physiologic dead space

30
Q

What is the alveolar ventilation equation?

A

Va= (VCO2 x K)/ PACO2

VCO2= rate of CO2 production

31
Q

What does increased alveolar ventilation mean for PACO2?

A

It is decreased.

32
Q

What happens to alveolar ventilation when CO2 production is doubled?

A

It must also double and the curve shifts to the right

33
Q

What are the two alternate methods to measure FRC since it cannot be measured by spirometry?

A

-Helium dilution and body plethysmograph

Phys Exam 4 (7 decks)

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