L31: Intro to Nutrition (aishah)

Question 1

What are the leading factors that can prevent chronic diseases?

Answer 1

1. Physical activity

2. Diet

Question 2

Define diet

Answer 2

Question 3

6 /10 leading causes of death are?

Answer 3

Chronic diseases

Question 4

Answer 4

Question 5

Define nutrients

Answer 5

Chemical substances in food that provide energy and materials needed
by the body for good health

Question 6

Nutrients are divided into:

Answer 6

Question 7

What are the functions of nutrients?

Answer 7

Question 8

What factors are taken into account when determining the DRI?

Answer 8

1. Age
2. Gender
3. Physiological condition (for ex if they’re diabetic, have heart diseases..)

Question 9

What are the dietary reference intakes?

Answer 9

Question 10

What are the different methods to monitor dietary intake?

Answer 10

1. Diet history
2. Food record
3. Food frequency questionnaire
4. 24-Hour dietary recall

Question 11

What do we depend on when monitoring dietary intake?

Answer 11

Memory and honesty

Question 12

How can we evaluate dietary intake?

Answer 12

1. Compare to dietary standards (tables)
2. Compare to my plate and american guidlines (online tools)
3. Outcomes of nutrition assessment (evaluate the outcome)

Question 13

What is body composition data used to evaluate?

Answer 13

1. nutritional status
2. growth and development
3. water homeostasis
4. and specific disease states.

Question 14

Why is composition data largely variable between individuals?

Answer 14

mainly due to variation in fat mass:

Fat in women > fat in men

Question 15

Body composition data can be studied at different levels

Answer 15

Question 16

What are the methods used to Determine Body Composition?

Answer 16

1. Hydrostatic weighing
2. Bioelectric impedance analysis
3. Skin fold caliper
4. Waist to hip ratio (apples vs pears)
5. Body mass index (bmi)

Question 17

List the upsides and downsides of hydrostatic weighing

Answer 17

Question 18

List the upsides and downsides of bio electric impedance analysis

Answer 18

Question 19

What are the upsides and downsides of a skin fold caliper?

Answer 19

Question 20

Answer 20

Question 21

Answer 21

Question 22

What type of body fat is easier to lose but has more adverse health effects?

Answer 22

Question 23

Answer 23

Question 24

Hydrostatic weighing method:

Answer 24

1. Person is submerged in a tank
2. Displacement of water is measured

( muscular individuals displace more than fat individuals)

Question 25

What is the bio electric impedance analysis method?

Answer 25

1. Electric signals are transmitted through the body 2. Conductivity of the body is measured (Muscular individuals are more hydrated ➡️ more conduction)

Question 26

What is the skin fold caliper method?

Answer 26

The thickness of subcutaneous fat is measured

Question 27

Waist to hip ratio method:

Answer 27

Question 28

BMI can be used to predict:

Answer 28

Question 29

Measurements of Energy Input and Output

Answer 29

Question 30

FACTORS AFFECTING FOOD INTAKE:

Answer 30

1. Personal preference 2. Availability/variability 3. Cultural 4. Religious 5. Social 6. Convenience 7. Cost

Question 31

What’s the difference between hunger and appetite?

Answer 31

Question 32

Which hormone stimulates hunger?

Answer 32

Ghrelin

Question 33

What are the differences between satiety signals and adiposity signals?

Answer 33

Question 34

Out of carbs, proteins, and lipids, which on of these give us more energy per gram?

Answer 34

Lipids

Question 35

Which organs are the highest contributors to RMR/BMR?

Answer 35

Liver, brain, and muscle

Question 36

Which 3 organs are the least contributors to BMR/RMR?

Answer 36

1. Adipose (least contributor) 2. Heart (2nd least contributor) 3. Kidney

Question 37

In energy balance, what are the 3 contributors to “energy out”

Answer 37

1. Basal metabolism (60-75%) 2. Physical activity (15-30%) 3. Thermogenesis (10%)

Question 38

In thermogenesis, what does it mean by that it’s dependent on food quality and quantity?

Answer 38

Question 39

What is the set point theory of body weight?

Answer 39

Question 40

Describe the different types of eating disorders

Answer 40

Question 41

Top leading causes of death all | associated with obesity:

Answer 41

1. Heart disease 2. Cancer (certain types) 3. Stroke 4. Chronic lower respiratory diseases 5. Diabetes

Question 42

Describe the fat cell physiology

Answer 42

Question 43

Answer 43

Question 44

How can you adopt a healthy weight management lifestyle?

Answer 44

Question 45

How can you medically manage weight?

Answer 45