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Biochemistry🧪 > L31: Intro to Nutrition (aishah) > Flashcards

L31: Intro to Nutrition (aishah) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the leading factors that can prevent chronic diseases?

A
  1. Physical activity

2. Diet

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2
Q

Define diet

A
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3
Q

6 /10 leading causes of death are?

A

Chronic diseases

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4
Q
A
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5
Q

Define nutrients

A

Chemical substances in food that provide energy and materials needed
by the body for good health

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6
Q

Nutrients are divided into:

A
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7
Q

What are the functions of nutrients?

A
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8
Q

What factors are taken into account when determining the DRI?

A
  1. Age
  2. Gender
  3. Physiological condition (for ex if they’re diabetic, have heart diseases..)
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9
Q

What are the dietary reference intakes?

A
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10
Q

What are the different methods to monitor dietary intake?

A
  1. Diet history
  2. Food record
  3. Food frequency questionnaire
  4. 24-Hour dietary recall
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11
Q

What do we depend on when monitoring dietary intake?

A

Memory and honesty

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12
Q

How can we evaluate dietary intake?

A
  1. Compare to dietary standards (tables)
  2. Compare to my plate and american guidlines (online tools)
  3. Outcomes of nutrition assessment (evaluate the outcome)
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13
Q

What is body composition data used to evaluate?

A
  1. nutritional status
  2. growth and development
  3. water homeostasis
  4. and specific disease states.
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14
Q

Why is composition data largely variable between individuals?

A

mainly due to variation in fat mass:

Fat in women > fat in men

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15
Q

Body composition data can be studied at different levels

A
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16
Q

What are the methods used to Determine Body Composition?

A
  1. Hydrostatic weighing
  2. Bioelectric impedance analysis
  3. Skin fold caliper
  4. Waist to hip ratio (apples vs pears)
  5. Body mass index (bmi)
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17
Q

List the upsides and downsides of hydrostatic weighing

A
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18
Q

List the upsides and downsides of bio electric impedance analysis

A
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19
Q

What are the upsides and downsides of a skin fold caliper?

A
20
Q
A
21
Q
A
22
Q

What type of body fat is easier to lose but has more adverse health effects?

A
23
Q
A
24
Q

Hydrostatic weighing method:

A
  1. Person is submerged in a tank
  2. Displacement of water is measured

( muscular individuals displace more than fat individuals)

25
Q

What is the bio electric impedance analysis method?

A
  1. Electric signals are transmitted through the body
  2. Conductivity of the body is measured

(Muscular individuals are more hydrated ➡️ more conduction)

26
Q

What is the skin fold caliper method?

A

The thickness of subcutaneous fat is measured

27
Q

Waist to hip ratio method:

A
28
Q

BMI can be used to predict:

A
29
Q

Measurements of Energy Input and Output

A
30
Q

FACTORS AFFECTING FOOD INTAKE:

A
  1. Personal preference
  2. Availability/variability
  3. Cultural
  4. Religious
  5. Social
  6. Convenience
  7. Cost
31
Q

What’s the difference between hunger and appetite?

A
32
Q

Which hormone stimulates hunger?

A

Ghrelin

33
Q

What are the differences between satiety signals and adiposity signals?

A
34
Q

Out of carbs, proteins, and lipids, which on of these give us more energy per gram?

A

Lipids

35
Q

Which organs are the highest contributors to RMR/BMR?

A

Liver, brain, and muscle

36
Q

Which 3 organs are the least contributors to BMR/RMR?

A
  1. Adipose (least contributor)
  2. Heart (2nd least contributor)
  3. Kidney
37
Q

In energy balance, what are the 3 contributors to “energy out”

A
  1. Basal metabolism (60-75%)
  2. Physical activity (15-30%)
  3. Thermogenesis (10%)
38
Q

In thermogenesis, what does it mean by that it’s dependent on food quality and quantity?

A
39
Q

What is the set point theory of body weight?

A
40
Q

Describe the different types of eating disorders

A
41
Q

Top leading causes of death all

associated with obesity:

A
  1. Heart disease
  2. Cancer (certain types)
  3. Stroke
  4. Chronic lower respiratory diseases
  5. Diabetes
42
Q

Describe the fat cell physiology

A
43
Q
A
44
Q

How can you adopt a healthy weight management lifestyle?

A
45
Q

How can you medically manage weight?

A

Biochemistry🧪 (7 decks)

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