Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Respiratory System Module > L3 Thoracic Wall > Flashcards

L3 Thoracic Wall Flashcards

1
Q

Parts of Sternum

A
  1. Manubrium
    - manubriosternal joint/angle of Louis
  2. Sternum Proper
  3. Xiphi Sternum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Manubrium features

A

Articulates with 1st and 2nd ribs

has Jugular notch on top

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sternum Proper Features

A

Part of the sternum that the Majority of the ribs articulate with

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Angle of Louis

A

Manubrio-sternal joint
slight angle = Convex (sticks out)
1. Start counting ribs from Rib 2
-e.g. for heart enlargement sitting b/w which ribs
2. -landmark for dehydrate/fluid over loaded patients
-pressure in jugular veins relative to angle of Louis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ribs

A

12 ribs
1-7 = True ribs
-articulate with spinal column – lateral –attach to sternum via costal cartilages
8-10 = False ribs - non-direct attachment via costal cartilage of rib 7 and above
11-12 = Floating ribs - no anterior attachment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which ribs are more likley to be broken?

A

true ribs along the middle portion, dont have alot of give and attach directly into the sternum
-Floating ribs have more movement so less likely to attachment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

“Popped rib”

A
  1. Can dislocate costal cartilage off sternum (sternal attachment)
    - v painful
  2. Rib break in boney portion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Vertebrae components

A
  1. 7 Cervical vertebrae
  2. 12 Thoracic Vertebrae
  3. 5 Lumbar vertebrae
  4. Sacrum
  5. Coccyx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Thorax

A

rigid box
ribs sternum and spinal column
everything has to stay in that box
move relative to each other within the box
-pressures change and top and bottom move (box cant change its sides)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Individual rib

A

Each rib articulates with its own vertebrae and the one above it
Head. Neck. Tubercle. Angle
Costal Groove=Neurovascular bundle is under and protected by ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Rib vs Nerve numericals

A

Rib V
TV
T5 = nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Rib and Chest movement

A

Sternum lifts superiorly

Rib Bucket handle movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Superior thoracic aperture

A

/Thoracic inlet
T1 Posterior + Rib1 Laterally + Manubrium Anteriorly
how great vessels and nerves enter and exit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

Ribs Slop downwards as come off laterally
= posterior and anterior positioning different
=domes of pleura extends above first rib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Area of lung and pleural cavity is at risk

A

Dome of pleura extending above first risk
=unprotected region
+ big vessels and nerves entering here
=lung and pleural cavity at risk
Risk of pneumothorax/air in pleural cavity if inserting a central venous line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Inferior Thoracic aperture

A

Thoracic Outlet

bound by diaphragm + T12 vertebrae and rib + costal cartilages of false ribs

17
Q

Diaphragm

A

consists of 2x domes
-alot of abdominal contents protected by ribs
Major muscle of inspiration and expiration

18
Q

Intercostal space

A

3x layers of intercostal muscles (External, Internal, Innermost I.M.)
-same fibre direction
Neurovascular b/w Internal and Innermost
-Sup–> Inf ( Vein –> Artery –> Nerve)
-Theoretically very well protected in costal groove in rib which sits above
-Another neurovascular bundle which are the co-lateral branches off main bundle, less important, not protected as lower down

19
Q

Intercostal muscles

A

Stiffen chest wall
give diaphragm something to pull against
important if diaphragm has been paralysed but minor in normal breathing

20
Q

Intercostal nerves

A

-from Anterior Rami of spinal nerves
-straight into intercostal space
-gives off branches which supply intercostal muscles
+ sensory branches which supply the skin

21
Q

Thoracic Dermatomes

A

dermatomes in thoracic region are rel. tidy
-T4= nipple (male and children stbale. vary for women)
-T10= umbillicus
Slope in same direction as ribs

22
Q

Thoracic arteries

A

Supply from two places in the intercostal space

  1. Posterior directly off Aorta
  2. Anterior off Internal Thoracic *
23
Q

What are the final two branches off the internal thoracic arteries?

A
  1. musculo-phrenic (final intercostal) (laterally)
  2. Superior epigastic (inferiorly)
    - meets inferior epigastric
    - if problem with blood supply anastomoses can compensate for the other
24
Q

Venous supply

A

Drainage:
Anterior= Internal Thoracic V –> Brachiochepahlic –> Herat
Posterior= Azygous system (Azygos vein, Accessory Hemiazygos V + Hemiazagos V) –> Heart

25
Q

Nerve vs Blood supply

A

Nerve - Posterior in intercostal space

Blood- Anterior and Posterior

26
Q

Mediastinum

A
  • Middle space
    1. Superior Mediastinum (full of large arteries and veins)
    2. Inferior Mediastinum
    a) Anterior M (small thymus gland. important in children)
    b) Middle M (heart)
    c) Posterior M (oesophagus, aorta)
27
Q

Breast

A

Mammary gland

  • a collection of secretory lobules, fat and lactiferous ducts
  • sits anterior to muscles of thoracic wall (Pec maj, Serratus Ant)
  • Retromammary space/facia
  • arterial supply and venous drainage
28
Q

Retromammary space

A

Retromammary space/fascia
what breast sits on
moves relatively freely
-when breast tumour, once invades into this space, it glues breast to chest
-look for “puckering”/fixed adherence of breast to chest wall as tumour has invaded that space
-ask woman to raise arms above head, and see how freely breast moves rel. to other side
-further investigate

29
Q

Arterial supply of breast

A

from three different places

  1. Medially: Internal Thoracic Branches (which runs down lateral to sternum and branches into Intercostal space)
  2. Laterally: Axillary artery, (Lateral Thoracic + Thoracoaccromial artery)
  3. Directly: Intercostal arteries - pierces through intercostal space to skin as well
30
Q

Mammary tissue of breast

A

tissue extends into axillary process/tail

-examine (a lot of space and fat in axilla) tumour and growth can hide better

31
Q

Breast Lymphatic Drainage

A
  1. 75% lymphatic drainage goes Laterally (into axillary nodes (Lateral and Pectoral))
  2. Most of remainder goes medially into Parasternal nodes (up and down sternum)(can cross sternum into other side-breast cancer metastasised to other side)
  3. abdominal nodes
32
Q

Sentinel Node Biopsy

A

Dye prior to surgery into the tumour
see where tumour has metastasized too and which direction
Nodes containing tumour will take up the dye, shows where tumour is draining too
Target surgery (dont leave behind but dont take out too much)

33
Q

Breast nerve supply

A

T4-6 Intercostal nerves

-overlies these ribs

34
Q

Pectus Excavatum

A

Chest wall deformity

  • Deformity of sternum and Costal Cartilages
  • sunken in
  • breathing problems as smaller thoracic box size
  • assoc. with congenital abnormlaities re heart and lung problems
35
Q

Pectus Carinatum

A

Pigeon chest
sternum protrudes
-assymetrical (often on one side)

36
Q

Spinal Curvatures

A

Primary Curvatures: Thoracic + Sacral/Coccygeal

Secondary Curvatures: Cervical + Lumbar

37
Q

Spinal Deformities

A

Kyphosis - thoracic (can go into lumbar)
Lordosis - lumbar
Extreme deformities of spinal column: Neuromuscular condition with very abnormal musculature and tone
Scoliosis- curve in coronal plane + rotational deformity(twisted) (alot of chest infections as small collapsed box size + 90 degree pelvis as cant sit correctly as pelvis cant be level (in wheelchair))

Respiratory System Module (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions