L3 Pt. 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Chars. Of TCC
A
- most common form of canine bladder cancer
- most common in trigone
- increased incidence in females, scotties, shelties, and beagles
- uncommon in cats, cattle
- cows that eat bracken fern can get
- assoc. with dysuria, hematuria, pollakiuria, bladder mass on US/rectal
2
Q
Best sample collection technique to get sample of TCC
A
traumatic catheterization
- cystoscopy more expensive
- 30% of free catches will have cells
- aspiration can seed abdomen with cancer cells; only perform if owner wants an answer but doesn’t want to treat
3
Q
Cytological appearance of TCC
A
- large sheets of cells
- distinct cytoplasmic borders in some cases
- malignant features: large, irregular nucleoli, areas of light and dark, binucleation, nuclear molding, high N:C ratio, anisokaryosis
- can have large cytoplasmic vacuoles filled with pink secretory material (“signet ring”)
4
Q
Chars. Of benign prostatic hyperplasia
A
- more common in older intact dogs
- assoc. with uniform enlargement of the prostate
- may or may not be painful
- cytology appears like a uniform sheet of epithelial cells in a honeycomb pattern
5
Q
Chars. Of prostatic carcinoma
A
- most common in older dogs >10 yrs
- irregularly enlarged, nodular, firm, painful
- dysuria +/- hematuria may be present
- mineralization common
- locally invasive, but can met to LN, other organs, and axial skeleton
6
Q
Chars. Of Neuroendocrine neoplasms in general
A
- tumors of chemoreceptors and endocrine glands (thyroid, parathyroid, endocrine pancreas, adrenal gland, carotid and aortic body)
- exfoliate well
- have free nuclei in background of cytoplasm (fragile cells)
- have uniform populations with minimal atypia - difficult to call malignant
- require histo to call malignant
7
Q
Chars. Of Canine Thyroid neoplasms
A
- neuroendocrine tumor
- typical presentation = mass on ventral neck to thoracic inlet
- common in boxers, beagles, goldens
- 90% malignant
- usually not biochemically active/secretory
- locally invasive and will met as they grow bigger
- tx of choice = surgical excision
- thyroid and parathytoid tumors look same, except parathyroid more likely to be hypercalcemic
8
Q
Cytologic appearance of canine thyroid neoplasms
A
- uniform pop. Of nuclei in background of cytoplasm
- few distinct cytoplasmic borders
- aspirates may be heavily blood contaminated
- typical neuroendocrine appearance
- colloid (pink) and tyrosine (dk purple/black) granules
9
Q
Chars. Of feline thyroid neoplasms
A
- may be cystic or bilateral
- usually benign in cats
- biochemically active (hypersecretion of thyroid hormones)
- adenocarcinomas locally invasive (40-70% met to regional LN)
- adenomas most common, but requires histo to dx
- can cause hyperthyroidism in cats
- look similar to canine
10
Q
Equine thyroid tumors
A
- common in horses > 16 yrs
- most benign
- usually nonfunctional
- adenocarcinoma possible
11
Q
Chars. Of parathyroid neoplasia
A
- uncommon
- dx relies on lab findings
- majority benign
- adenocarcinomas uncommon
12
Q
Name 3 urogenital tumors
A
- Transitional cell carcinoma
- Benign prostatic hyperplasia
- Prostatic adenocarcinoma
13
Q
Chars. Of transitional cell carcinoma
A
- most common form of canine bladder cancer
- most commonly in the trigone
- increased incidence in females
- scotties, shelties, and beagles
14
Q
Chars. Of Endocrine pancreatic neoplasia
A
- insulinoma (tumor of islet/beta cells)
- overproduces insulin
- most common in large breeds >5yrs, ferrets
- assoc. with hypoglycemia
- can dx. With insulin:glucose ratio
- usually a small lesion that is biologically active
- frequently malignant (mets to LIV, LN)
15
Q
Cytologic appearance of endocrine pancreatic neoplasia (insulinoma)
A
- neuroendocrine
- numerous cytoplasmic vacuoles
- usually get samples from imprints from surgery
