L3 Nuts and Bolts RGo Flashcards
Hypophysis is also known as
Pituitary gland
Hypophysis
-location
-located in sella turcica, sphenoid bone
Hypophysis
-function
‘master’ endocrine gland.
Produces several hormones that influence activity of other endocrine glands (e.g. liver)
Infandibulum
behind optic chiasm (landmark)
Hypophysis
-blood supply
Superior hypophyseal, supplies
- median eminence - upper part of stalk
Inferior hypophyseal, supplies
- neurohypophysis - lower part of stalk
branches of ICA
Hypophysis
-venous drainage
portal veins
-veins form a secondary capillary plexus
Thyroid gland
-location
From just below oblique line of thyroid cartilage to 5/6 tracheal ring ; immediately anterior to trachea
Thyroid gland
-blood supply
Superior thyroid (from external carotid)
Inferior thyroid (from subclavian)
Parathyroid glands
secrete parathyroid hormone – regulates calcium and phosphate levels within homeostasis
Adrenal glands
-location
sup pole of kidneys (T12); retroperitoneal
Adrenal glands(cortex) -function
Adrenal cortex secretes corticosteroids
-mineralocorticoids e.g. aldosterone
-glucocorticoids e.g. hydrocortisone
adrenal androgens e.g testosterone
Adrenal glands(medulla) -function
Medulla cells secrete adrenaline and smaller amounts of noradrenaline – i.e. catecholamines
fight or flight
Adrenal glands
-blood supply [3]
- superior (from inferior phrenic)
- middle (from aorta)
- inferior suprarenal arteries (from renal)
Adrenal glands
-venous drainage
Venous drainage: adrenal veins,
drain into IVC (R ) or renal vein (L)
Adrenal glands
-activity
Hypothalamus, e.g. ACTH release from hypophysis
Symp division of ANS: coeliac plexus; splanchnic n
ACTH stimulates secretion/release of corticosteroids
Medulla: under direct control from ANS (symp)
=> fast response
