L2 Pituitary Gland Flashcards

1
Q

Infundibulum

A

connects pituitary gland to hypothalamus

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2
Q

Posterior pituitary glands

-what hormones are secreted

A

a.k.a Neurohypophysis
ADH
Oxytocin

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3
Q

What hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary glands

A
Growth Hormone
 Prolactin
TSH
ACTH
FSH
LH
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4
Q

Describe the synthesis of ADH and oxytocin

A

synthesis by neurones of the hypothalamus
(supraoptic nuclei and paraventricular nucleus)

hormones are initially inactive in these nuclei

travel along the hypothalamico-neurohypophyseal tract.

then stored in the posterior pituitary and activated here

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5
Q

Antidiuretic Hormone

A

Secretion of ADH is influenced by plasma osmolarity.

Stimulation of v2 receptors causes translocation of aquaporins to the membrane of the kidney tubule, thus allowing water reabsorption.

Stimulation of V1 receptors causes vasoconstriction but this does not occur at normal physiological conditions

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6
Q

Oxytocin

  • how does it act
  • what stimulates its secretion
  • when is it important
A

Oxytocin acts via IP3 to cause contraction of the smooth muscle of the genital tract (uterus) and breast.

Secretion of oxytocin is stimulated by stimulation of the genitals and nipples.

Oxytocin is most important at parturition and during lactation.

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7
Q

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone is synthesised by what cells?

A

thyrotrophe cells

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8
Q

Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone is synthesised by what cells?

A

corticotrophe cells

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9
Q

Follicle stimulating Hormone is synthesised by what cells?

A

gonadotrophe cells

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10
Q

Prolactin

-synthesis

A

peptide hormone

synthesised in the lactotrophe cells of the anterior pituitary.

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11
Q

Name 3 things that stimulate prolactin secretion

A

Mild stress
Nipple stimulation
Coitus

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12
Q

Growth hormone

  • synthesis
  • control
A
  • synthesised in the somatotrophe cells of the anterior pituitary gland
  • control by GHRH and GHRIH and somatostatin
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13
Q

How can growth hormone be stimulated?

A

stimulated by decreased carbohydrates and fatty acids and increased amino acids

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14
Q

What is the primary effect of growth hormone?

A

to promote linear growth of adolescence and by increasing protein synthesis and collagen deposition

this is mediated via the nucleus

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15
Q

What effect does growth hormone have on foetal growth

A

independent of GH

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