l3 impression evidence Flashcards

1
Q

purpose of friction skin ridges

A

provide firmer grip and resist slippage

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2
Q

the value of ridge patterns are of (more,same,less) value of type and position of ridge characteristics in determining uniqueness of a print

A

less than

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3
Q

t/f its possible to obsure ones fingerprints by scarring

A

false

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4
Q

t/f ridge characteristics are ridge endings, bifurcations, enclosures and other ridge details, which must match in two fingerprints to establish a common origin

A

true

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5
Q

two major reasons fingerprints are useful

A

unique to each individual, do not change over time

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6
Q

ridge

A

single curved segment

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7
Q

furrow

A

region between two adjacent ridges

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8
Q

pore

A

found on a ridge

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9
Q

two ways fingerprints are produced

A
  1. deposition of sweat
  2. finger contaminated with another material
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10
Q

what are visible fingerprints?

A

fingers touching a surface after being in contact with a coloured material

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11
Q

what are the two types of visible fingerprints? what do they mean?

A

patent- obvious/evident when finger is contaminated

plastic- finger touches pliable surface

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12
Q

what are latent fingerprints?

A

finger touches a surface, perspiration/oils leave an impression

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13
Q

t/f latent fingerprints visible to the naked eye

A

false

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14
Q

how long does each type of fingerprint last? (patent, plastic, latent)

A

plastic- as long as impressed material is intact

patent- fragile, do not last long

latent- years in proper environment

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15
Q

t/f it is possible to determine the age of a fingerprint

A

false

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16
Q

most important factor in how well a fingerprint is formed

A

contact time

17
Q

fingerprint patterns are seen as what type of evidence?

18
Q

loops and whorl patterns contain..?

A

cores and deltas

19
Q

what is a core?

A

approximate center of fingerprint

20
Q

what is a delta?

A

point on ridge where there is triangulation or point of divergence

21
Q

most complex type of fingerprint pattern

22
Q

after pattern is identified, …. are used to individualize a fingerprint

23
Q

t/f there is a standard point for the amount of minutiae needed

24
Q

how many minutiae are usually sufficient?

25
the important part is not that you have minutiae, but ...
location of minutiae in relation to each other
26
two factors causing unusual fingerprints
skin diseases, genetic diseases
27
two illumination techniques for seeing prints
1. oblique lighting (angle) 2. UV/laser (after dye)
28
enhancement techniques are used to...
enhance contrast b/w print and surface
29
powder dusting
brush used to dust powder that sticks to sweat components
30
chemical enhancement and example
exposes the fingerprint to fumes, ex superglue fuming to crystalize print
31
what type of characteristics are minutiae considered as?
individual
32
fingerprints are studied for the... of ridge characteristics/minutiae | (3pts)
kind, number and location
33
t/f most prints recovered are full, intact prints
false, usually partial prints
34
what does Automated Fingerprint Identification System allow us to do?
storage and search system, can place two print images side by side