l2 categories of evidence

Question 1

need to know?

Answer 1

evidence by scientific field, innocence project, case example

Question 2

what is inclusive evidence?

Answer 2

evidence included in population of items that could be source of evidence

Question 3

what is exclusive evidence?

Answer 3

evidence excluded from population of items that could be source of evidence

Question 4

what is direct evidence?

Answer 4

known to a person by personal knowledge (eyewitness testimony_

Question 5

what is circumstantial evidence?

Answer 5

evidence that requires inference to move from info to answer a question (everything else, fingerprints, weapon, fibers, etc.)

Question 6

What information does reconstruction evidence provide?

Answer 6

info abt events before, during and after commission of a crime

Question 7

what is associative evidence?

Answer 7

associate or disassociate suspect to a crime

Question 8

what is exemplar evidence?

Answer 8

sample of known origin used for reference

Question 9

what is class characteristic evidence?

Answer 9

does not reference particular suspect, has ability to narrow a field down to a group

Question 10

what is individual characteristic evidence?

Answer 10

associates particular individual with commision of a crime, ability to pinpoint source

Question 11

examples of class evidence?

Answer 11

height, eye colour, blood type, brand of clothing, fingerprint PATTERN

Question 12

examples of individual evidence?

Answer 12

DNA, fingerprint details, tattoos, scars

Question 13

the ultimate goal of forensic science..?

Answer 13

link potential offender to a crime scene

Question 14

What are 4 types of witnesses? briefly explain each

Answer 14

1. Eyewitness- sees something
2. Hearsay- he said, someone else tells them something
3. Character witness - testifies about someones character
4. Expert witness- able to give expert OPINION

Question 15

What are 6 reasons for possible wrongful convictions?

Answer 15

1. eyewitness misidentification
2. unreliable/improper forensic science
3. false confessions
4. government misconduct
5. informants
6. bad lawyering

Question 16

What is the Osgoode Innocence Project?

Answer 16

established 1997 in Canada to deal w/ wrongful convictions
-doesn’t restrict cases to only those w/ DNA evidence `

Question 17

what are 3 main functions of a forensic scientist?

Answer 17

-practice good science
-remain impartial
-balance reason and emotion

Question 18

what are 3 things courts will usually consider when determining an individual as an expert witness?

Answer 18

-knowledge acquired thru experience
-training
-education

Question 19

How is the competency of an expert witness examined in court?

Answer 19

expert witness is asked a series of questions before the courtroom

Question 20

what do courts rely on as a measurement of knowledge and ability of an expert?

Answer 20

training and years of experience

Question 21

what is the process experts go through in court?

Answer 21

examined and cross-examination to determine competency

Question 22

what is the difference between lay witnesses and expert witnesses?

Answer 22

Lay witnesses must testify on factual observations, whereas experts can give opinion that jury may accept or dismiss

Question 23

t/f expert witnesses can render views with absolute certainty

Answer 23

false

Question 24

as an expert you are expected to defend…

Answer 24

techniques and conclusion of the analysis

Question 25

t/f as an expert you should advocate one party’s cause

Answer 25

false

Question 26

whos job is it to weigh pros and cons of all info when deciding guilt or innocence?

Answer 26

judge/jury (trier of fact)