L3 GI Organs Flashcards
The digestive system consists of the following stuctures:
- oral cavity
- pharynx
- esophagus
- stomach
- small intestine
- large intestine
The accessory digestive organs are:
- liver
- gallbladder
- salivary glands
- pancreas
The oral cavity opens to the:
Pharynx
muscular tube & common chamber (shared by digestive & respiratory system)
The ____ to the ____ is located within the abdomen
distal esophagus; sigmoid colon
The esophagus enters the abdominal cavity through:
The diaphragm at T10
Anterior vagal trunk comes from the _____ nerve; Posterior vagal trunk comes from the _____nerve
left vagus nerve; right vagal nerve
The esophagus receives blood from which two arteries?
- Left gastric (celiac trunk)
- left inferior phrenic (abdominal aorta)
What is the function of the upper esophageal sphincter?
What is the function of the lower esophageal sphincter?
- Prevent the entrance of air during respiration and reflux of gastric contents
- which guards against gastro-esophageal reflux
Name the 4 parts of the stomach.
- Cardia/cardiac region
- Fundus
- Body
- Funnel-shaped pyloric part
Where is the pyloric sphincter located?
within the pyloric constriction
Surrounds the distal portion of the stomach, the pyloric orifice.
Define “angular incisure”
A bend on the lesser curvature of the stomach
What is the start and end of the small intestine?
pylorus to the ileocecal junction
What are the three surface modifications that increase surface area in the small intestine?
- circular folds/plicae circulares of mucosa-sumucosa
- Vili
- Microvili
What is the most frequent location for peptic ulcers?
Duodenal cap
(imaging: x-ray w/barium swallow)
Where does the duodenum receive the bile and pancreatic enzymes?
Hepatopancreatic ampulla at the major duodenal papilla.
site for gallstone impaction
What is the junction between upper GI bleeding and lower?
duodenojejunal junction
The jejunum is the proximal ____ of the small intestine is located in the ______ quadrant?
2/5; left upper (LUQ)
The ileum forms the distal _____ of the small intestine and is located mainly in the _____ quadrant.
3/5; lower right (LRQ)
Describe the blood supply of the jejunum.
few arterial arcades
long vasa recta
little fat
Describe the blood supply of the ileum.
many arterial arcades
short vasa recta
laden with fat
Ileum opens into large intestine at the _____.
Ileocecal junction
(may have embryonic remnant: ileal diverticulum (Meckel’s))
Where is the appendix located? (which structure of the GI)
cecum (inferior to ileocecal junction)
Describe the cecum
- continuous w/ascending colon
- receives contents from ileum at ileocecal junction
Intestinal obstructions at this ileocecal junction: intussusception (pink sock), volvulus (twisting), gallstone ileus (blockage by gallstone)
Define the appendix.
intestinal diverticulum containing lymphoid tissue.
variable position can make dx of appendicitis difficult (most are retrocecal)
Name the 4 parts of the colon.
- Ascending
- Transverse
- Descending
- Sigmoid
The ascending colon meets the transverse colon at the ____; the transverse colon meets the descending colon at the _____.
right colic (hepatic) flexure;
left colic (splenic) flexure
Which spinal level is the sigmoid colon located?
S3
Which section of the bowel causes 90% of volvulus?
sigmoid colon
Suspended by mesentery (sigmoid mesocolon); intraperitoneal
