L3: Disease-specific dietary interventions

Question 1

Gastroparesis definition

Answer 1

Delayed gastric emptying→ N/V, early satiety, postprandial fullness, upper abdominal discomfort

Question 2

Lactose intolerance symptoms

Answer 2

Bloating, flatulence, diarrhea

Question 3

Contain gluten:

Answer 3

wheat, rye, barley

Question 4

Supplements for lactose intolerance

Answer 4

Lactaid
Calcium
Vitamin D

Question 5

Gastroparesis is a ______

Answer 5

Complication of DM→ diabetic autonomic neuropathy→ optimize glycemic control

Question 6

Gastroparesis diet

Answer 6

Small, frequent, low fat/fiber meals

cooked, blended, pureed foods and liquids better tolerated

Question 7

If a patient with gastroparesis has inadequate oral intake…

Answer 7

post-pyloric enteral nutrition

Question 8

Goal of dietary interventions post gastric bypass

Answer 8

Maximize weight loss and maintain health, prevent micronutrient deficiencies

Question 9

Screen for ______ post gastric bypass, replete if deficient

Answer 9

Vitamins A, D, B1, B12, folate, F3, Ca, Zinc

Question 10

Dumping syndrome

Answer 10

Post gastric bypass: rapid emptying of food into small bowel→ advise frequent meals, separate solids from liquids by 30 minutes, avoid simple sugars

Question 11

Goal of dietary interventions for IBS

Answer 11

Ensure adequate caloric and protein needs
Avoid processed/refined products +/- lactose
Nutritional deficiencies→ B12, Fe, Calcium, Vit D, Zinc
Oral/enteral/parenteral (if bowel rest needed) nutrition supplementation

Question 12

Short bowel syndrome

Answer 12

Surgical resection or disease of small bowel→ disruption of digestive/absorptive surface capacity→ nutrient malabsorption, diarrhea, dehydration, electrolyte abnormalities

Question 13

Dietary interventions for short bowel syndrome

Answer 13

Short term parenteral nutrition support
Oral/enteral nutrition support→ helps augment intestinal adaptation
Vits/Minerals→ B12, A, D, E, K, Mg, PO4, Zinc, Ca++
Diet modification

Question 14

Diverticulosis

Answer 14

Presence of diverticula

Question 15

Diverticulitis

Answer 15

Inflammation of diverticulum

Question 16

Severe diverticular disease dietary interventions

Answer 16

NPO/clear liquid/low fiber/low residue diet→ advance as tolerated to high fiber diet

Question 17

Prevention of diverticular disease

Answer 17

high fiber diet

Question 18

Pancreatitis or pancreatic insufficiency can cause

Answer 18

protein and fat malabsorption

Question 19

Pancreatitis or pancreatic insufficiency dietary interventions

Answer 19

risk of fat soluble vitamin deficiencies
Dietary fat restriction
+/- pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy

Question 20

Risk of iron deficiency anemia

Answer 20

blood loss
celiac
H pylori
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
PPIs

Question 21

Risk of B12 deficiency anemia

Answer 21

Vegan
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
pernicious anemia
terminal ileum Crohn disease or resection
chronic pancreatitis/pancreatic insufficiency
metformin

Question 22

Diet for ASCVD

Answer 22

Mediterranean or DASH

Question 23

Diet for HTN

Answer 23

DASH

Question 24

Diet for CHF

Answer 24

low Na+ diet, fluid restrict as necessary

Question 25

What percent of a diabetic's caloric intake should be from carbs?

Answer 25

45%

Question 26

Diets for DM

Answer 26

DASH, Mediterranean, carb-counting | Certified DM educator, nutrition classes

Question 27

Renal disease causes....

Answer 27

Poor excretion→ sodium and fluid retention→ hyperkalemia and hyperphosphatemia

Question 28

Renal disease diets

Answer 28

renal trained dietician DASH diet Phos binders Individualize→ protein, Na, K, PO4, Ca intake→ dependent on CKD stage/GFR