L3 Contemporary Leadership Theories Flashcards
What did Bass and Riggon (2006) say about the popularity of transformational leadership theory
Transformational leadership theory
Its popularity may be due to intrinsic motivation emphasis and follower development Bass and Riggon (2006)
Types of Leadership (Burns, 1978) x3 and descriptions
Transactional: Focuses on the exchanges that occur between leaders and their followers
Transformational : Process of engaging with others to create a connection that increases motivation and morality in both the leader and the follower
Pseudo Transformational: Focuses on the leader’s own interests rather than the interests of his or her followers
What is an example of transactional leadership?
Surplass work targets = promotion
What is transformational leadership?
2 examples?
Leader is attentive to the needs and motives of followers and tries to help followers reach their fullest potential.
includes leaders like:
Mohandas Gandhi – non-violent movement for independence
Aung Suu Kyi – Burma, non-violent movement for democracy
What is pseudotransformational leadership?
What traits do they have? 3
2 examples?
Leaders who are:
transforming but in a negative way
self-consumed, exploitive, power-oriented, with warped moral values
includes leaders like:
Adolph Hitler
Saddam Hussein
What did Bass and Avolio (1994) come up with?
4 tenants of Transformational Leadership
What are the 4 tenants of Transformational Leadership ? Describe each
Idealized Influence: Acting as strong role models
High standards of moral and ethical conduct
Making others want to follow the leader’s vision
Followers want to emulate them
Followers put a high level of trust in them
Inspirational Motivation: Communicating high expectations
Inspiring followers to commitment and engagement in shared vision
Using symbols & emotional appeals to focus group members to achieve more than self-interest
Intellectual Stimulation: Stimulating followers to be creative and innovative
Supporting followers to try new approaches or develop innovative ways of dealing with organization issues
Individualized Consideration: Listening carefully to the needs of followers
Acting as coaches to assist followers in becoming fully actualized
Helping followers grow through personal challenges
How does transformational leadership motivate people?
TL motivates followers beyond the expected by:
- raising consciousness about the value and importance of specific and idealized goals
- transcending self-interest for the good of the team or organization
- addressing higher-level needs
Leadership Factors
Transformational (4)
Transactional (2)
Laissez-Faire Leadership (1)
Idealized Influence/Charisma
Inspirational motivation
Intellectual stimulation
Individualized consideration
5: Contingent reward/ constructive transactions
Management-by-exception
6: Active and passive
corrective transactions
7: Laissez-faire
Non-transactional
Strengths of transtional leadership theory (5)
Broadly researched Intuitive appeal Process-focused Expansive leadership view Emphasizes follower Effectiveness
Criticisms of transtional leadership theory (4)
- Excessive focus on top leaders - heroic leadership bias
- Depicts situational factors as unimportant
- Cultural difference in what makes someone transformational
- No causal link shown between transformational leaders and changes in followers or organizations
Has the potential to be abused
Who introduced Charasmatic Leadership?
describe it?
How can it be achieved? (3)
(Shamir, House, & Arthur, 1993)
Charismatic Leadership:
Transforms follower’s self-concepts; tries to link identity of followers to collective identity of the organization
Do this by:
By emphasizing intrinsic rewards & de-emphasizing extrinsic rewards
Throughout process leaders
Express high expectations for followers
Help followers gain sense of self-confidence and self-efficacy
(House, 1976) Charasmatic Leadership
Personality Charateristics 3
behaviours 3
Effects on followers 3
dominant
self-confident
strong moral values
desire to motivate
Strong role model
Demonstrate competence
Articulate goals
Communicates high expectations
Trust in ideology belief similarity between leader and follower unquestioning acceptance obedience identification with leader
Define Charisma (weber, 1947)
Examples of Charmatic Leaders 3
Charisma - A special personality characteristic that gives a person superhuman or exceptional powers and is reserved for a few, is of divine origin, and results in the person being treated as a leader (Weber, 1947)
Ussama Bin Landin
Adolf Hitler
George Bush
Five Characteristics of Authentic Leaders:
Five characteristics of authentic leaders: Understand their purpose Strong values Trusting relationships Self-discipline Act from the heart (mission)
