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Neurosciences L > L3 audition > Flashcards

L3 audition Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 features of sound?

A

Amplitude
Frequency
Phase
Waveform

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2
Q

What do perceptions of sound correspond to?

A

loudness and pitch

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3
Q

what is the most sensitive threshold for humans?

A

2000-5000 Hz

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4
Q

What is the threshold for uncomfortable loudness?

A

100 dB

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5
Q

What is the threshold for painful loudness?

A

120-140

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6
Q

What are the fxns of the external ear?

A

protection
sound gathering
sound localization and elevation detection

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7
Q

What does the middle ear consist of?

A

malleus
incus
stapes

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8
Q

What is the stapes?

A

smallest bone that pounds on the oval window

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9
Q

What is the fxn of the middle ear?

A

impedance matching

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10
Q

How much sound would be gained w a middle ear?

A

34 dB

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11
Q

What is the area advantage?

A

27 dB

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12
Q

What is the ossicular lever action?

A

1.3 dB

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13
Q

What is the curved membrane buckling mechanism?

A

6 dB

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14
Q

What is the effect of the stapes pounding on the oval window?

A

fluid in the cochlea is displaced

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15
Q

Where is perilymph found in the inner ear?

A

scala vestibuli
scala tympani

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16
Q

What are the three parts of the cochlea

A

scala tympani
scala media
scala vestibuli

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17
Q

Where would be the maximum displacement of high frequencies in the cochlea?

A

the base

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18
Q

Where would be the maximum displacement of low frequencies in the cochlea?

A

the apex

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19
Q

What makes of the organ of corti?

A

basilar membrane
3 rows of outer hairs
1 row of inner cells
supporting cells

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20
Q

What structure covers the apical matrix of the organ of corti?

A

tectorial membrane

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21
Q

T/F the tectorial membrane is not part of the organ of corti

A

True

The tectorial membrane covers it, but it is not considered part of the organ of corti

22
Q

What is generated when the basilar membrane move upward?

A

shear force

23
Q

What happens to the stereocilia when the basilar membrane moves in the downward direction?

A

they bend in the medial direction

24
Q

What is the result of medial bending of the stereocilia?

A

MET channels close and hair cells are repolarized

25
Q

What are the two types of hair cells?

A

outer and inner

26
Q

What is the role of outer hair cells ?

A

amplify sound

27
Q

What is the role of inner hair cells?

A

transduce sound

28
Q

….. cells are cylindrical shaped and ….. cells are flask shaped

A

Outer, inner

29
Q

Activation/inhibition of an PHC causes it to change length. By stretch what protein?

A

Prestin proteins

they allow for recoil

30
Q

What is the most common type of permanent hearing loss?

A

damage to OHCs

31
Q

Activation of IHC release NT to what neuron?

A

CN VIII

vestibular cochlear

32
Q

What type of fibers are afferents from CNVIII?

A

Type 1, assoc w IHC

33
Q

What type of fibers are efferents from CNVIII that can modify sound?

A

Type II assoc w OHC

34
Q

Where is the cochlear nucleus located

A

in the medulla

35
Q

What are the main fxns of the cochlear nucleus?

A

relay signal to SOC
analyze comples signals and send it to Inf. colliculus

36
Q

Where is the sup. olivary complex located?

A

pons

37
Q

Which two nuclei are involved in sound localization in the SOC?

A

Lateral sup. Olive
Medial sup. Olive

38
Q

LSO is the localization of what frequency?

A

high frequency

39
Q

MSO is the localization of what frequency?

A

low frequency

40
Q

How does the LSO localize high frequency

A

using sound differences

41
Q

How does the MSO localize low frequency

A

time differences

42
Q

Where is the inferior colliculus located?

A

midbrain

43
Q

What coordinates the auditory and visual responses w/ the sup. colliculus?

A

Inferior colliculus

44
Q

What auditory reflexes is the IC involved in?

A

auditory startle reflex
head turn response

45
Q

Where is the medial geniculate body located?

A

In the thalamus

46
Q

Where does the highest level of sound processing occur?

A

auditory cortex

47
Q

What are the components of the olivocochlear bundles

A

Uncrossed and crossed olivocochlear bundle

48
Q

Auditory memory, complex auditory discrimination, motor responses, and concepts about auditory stimuli are characteristic of what brain structure?

A

Auditory cortex

49
Q

What hair cells are the UOCB assc w?

A

LSO, inner hair cells

50
Q

What hair cells are the COCB assc w?

A

MSO, outer hair cells

Neurosciences L (5 decks)

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