L3 Animal-like Protists Flashcards

1
Q

Protista

A

Kingdom Protista. They are a large group of unicellular (some multicellular in colonies) eukaryotic organisms that are not considered plants, animals or fungi.

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2
Q

Autotrophs

A

Generate their own food from the environment (sunlight = photosynthetic autotrophs) Also known as plant-like autotrophs which are called algae.

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3
Q

Heterotrophs

A

Collect their nutrition and food by ingestion or absorption of other organisms. Animal-like heterotrophic protists are called protozoa. Fungi-like heterotrophs (saprotrophs) feed on decaying organic matter via absorption.

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4
Q

Mixotrophs

A

Protists that ingest food but also photosynthesize. Euglena is a good example. Capable of photosynthesis but Euglena needs vitamin B through ingestion of bacteria.

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5
Q

Supergroups

A

Excavata, Amoebazoa, Rhizaria, Chromalveolata, Choanoflagellates

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6
Q

Excavata

A
  • mixotrophs (euglena)
  • parasitic & human diseases (malaria - plasmodium, gardiasis - gardia, african sleeping sickness - trypanosomes)
  • lack mitochondria but have a flagella
  • some species are multicellular (slime mould)
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7
Q

Amoebozoa

A

-pseudopoda for movement (the ectoplasm initiates the movement and the pseudopodia shoot out and anchor to substrate, the rest of the cytoplasm pulls towards the pseudopodia = movement)

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8
Q

Rhizaria

A
  • crazy looking with lots of flagellum

- move like amoebozoa (pseudopodia)

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9
Q

Chromalveolata

A
  • can be multicellular
  • diatoms allow us to breathe through their maintenance of the carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. also used as predictors for the atmospheric conditions in the past
  • oomycetes caused potato blight in the 1600s
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10
Q

Choanoflagellates

A
  • zooflagellate is not in the super 6 but it should be because it is the closest protist relative to animals.
  • unique morphology in the flagellum being surrounded with microvilli (densely packed)
  • microvilli is used for filtering food and bacteria as the choanoflagellate travels through the water with the flagellum sending water up through the microvilli.
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