L3 Animal-like Protists

Question 1

Protista

Answer 1

Kingdom Protista. They are a large group of unicellular (some multicellular in colonies) eukaryotic organisms that are not considered plants, animals or fungi.

Question 2

Autotrophs

Answer 2

Generate their own food from the environment (sunlight = photosynthetic autotrophs) Also known as plant-like autotrophs which are called algae.

Question 3

Heterotrophs

Answer 3

Collect their nutrition and food by ingestion or absorption of other organisms. Animal-like heterotrophic protists are called protozoa. Fungi-like heterotrophs (saprotrophs) feed on decaying organic matter via absorption.

Question 4

Mixotrophs

Answer 4

Protists that ingest food but also photosynthesize. Euglena is a good example. Capable of photosynthesis but Euglena needs vitamin B through ingestion of bacteria.

Question 5

Supergroups

Answer 5

Excavata, Amoebazoa, Rhizaria, Chromalveolata, Choanoflagellates

Question 6

Excavata

Answer 6

• mixotrophs (euglena)
• parasitic & human diseases (malaria - plasmodium, gardiasis - gardia, african sleeping sickness - trypanosomes)
• lack mitochondria but have a flagella
• some species are multicellular (slime mould)

Question 7

Amoebozoa

Answer 7

-pseudopoda for movement (the ectoplasm initiates the movement and the pseudopodia shoot out and anchor to substrate, the rest of the cytoplasm pulls towards the pseudopodia = movement)

Question 8

Rhizaria

Answer 8

• crazy looking with lots of flagellum

- move like amoebozoa (pseudopodia)

Question 9

Chromalveolata

Answer 9

• can be multicellular
• diatoms allow us to breathe through their maintenance of the carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. also used as predictors for the atmospheric conditions in the past
• oomycetes caused potato blight in the 1600s

Question 10

Choanoflagellates

Answer 10

• zooflagellate is not in the super 6 but it should be because it is the closest protist relative to animals.
• unique morphology in the flagellum being surrounded with microvilli (densely packed)
• microvilli is used for filtering food and bacteria as the choanoflagellate travels through the water with the flagellum sending water up through the microvilli.