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microbiology > L3 > Flashcards

L3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Structures common to all bacterial cells

A

Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
One (or a few) chromosomes

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2
Q

Structures found in some bacterial cells

A

Flagella , Pili , Fimbriae, Capsules , Slime layers , Inclusions , Actin cytoskeleton , Endospores

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3
Q

Cell extension

A

Appendages

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4
Q

attached at one or both ends of the cell

A

flagella

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5
Q
  • single flagellum
A

‏Monotrichous

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6
Q
  • small bunches or tufts of flagella emerging from the same site
A

Lophotrichous

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7
Q
  • dispersed randomly over the structure of the cell
A

Peritrichous

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8
Q

Flagellar Function

A

Move by runs and tumbles

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9
Q

A type of internal flagellum that is enclosed in
the space between the cell wall and the cell membrane

A

Axial Filaments

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10
Q

Axial Filaments Found in _____

A

Spirochetes

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11
Q

Elongate, rigid tubular structures

A

pili

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12
Q

pili Found on____

A

gram-negative bacteria

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13
Q

pili Used for attachment and genetic exchange ✅or❌

A

✅

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14
Q

Tend to stick to each other and to surfaces

A

Fimbriae

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15
Q

Develops as a coating of repeating polysaccharide
units, protein, or both

A

The Glycocalyx

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16
Q
  • a loose shield that protects some bacteria from
    loss of water and nutrients
A

Slime layer

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17
Q
  • when the glycocalyx is bound more tightly to the
    cell and is denser and thicker
A

Capsule

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18
Q

Glycocalyx Formed by many _____ protect the bacteria against _____

A

pathogenic bacteria-

phagocytes

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19
Q

glaycocalyx Important in formation of ____

A

biofilms

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20
Q

Capsule- important for ____, prevent ____

A

pathogenesis

phagocytosis

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21
Q

Composed of two or three basic layers ____

A

Cell wall (peptidoglycan)
Cell membrane
In some bacteria, the outer membrane (gram-negative material)

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22
Q

function of the Cell Wall

A

Helps determine the shape of a bacterium
Provides strong structural support

23
Q

Target of many antibiotics ____

A

disrupt the cell wall

24
Q

Some don’t have a cell wall at all For example,

A

Mycobacterium and Nocardia- unique types of lipids

25
Q
  • lack cell wall entirely ___
A

Mycoplasmas

26
Q

cell membrane is stabilized by sterols and is resistant to lysis

A

Mycoplasma

27
Q

Important medical species of Mycoplasma

A

pneumonia

28
Q

what is mean of pneumonia

A

الالتهاب الرئوي

29
Q

Acid-Fast Bacteria

A

Mycobacteria

30
Q

Mycobacteria Contain

A

mycolic acid (a wax)

31
Q

mycobacteria Includes important pathogens

A

Tuberculosis
Leprosy
Opportunistic wound infections

32
Q

Contain primarily phospholipids and proteins

A

Cell Membrane Structure

33
Q

Regulates transport , Secretion

A

functions of Cell Membrane

34
Q
  • an extra barrier in gram- negative bacteria
A

Outer membrane

35
Q

Cell envelope can interact with human tissues and cause disease

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Streptococcus pyogenes

36
Q

Gelatinous solution

A

Cytoplasm

37
Q

Site for many biochemical and synthetic activities

A

Cytoplasm

38
Q

Single circular strand of DNA

A

Bacterial Chromosome

39
Q

Double-stranded circles of DNA

A

Plasmids

40
Q

Nonessential pieces of DNA

A

Plasmids

41
Q

Made of RNA and protein

A

Ribosomes

42
Q

for storage of nutrients

A

Inclusion Bodies

43
Q

A type of inclusion body

A

Granules

44
Q

Long polymers of actin

A

The Cytoskeleton

45
Q

Contribute to cell shape

A

The Cytoskeleton

46
Q

Dormant bodies produced by Bacillus, Clostridium, and Sporosarcina

A

Bacterial Endospores

47
Q

Breaking of dormancy

A

Endospore Germination

48
Q

Endospore Medical Significance
Several bacterial pathogens

A

Bacillus anthracis  Clostridium tetani  Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium botulinum

49
Q
  • roughly spherical
A

Coccus

50
Q
  • rod-shaped
A

Bacillus

51
Q
  • short and plump
A

Coccobacillus

52
Q
  • gently curved
A

Vibrio

53
Q
  • curviform or spiral-shaped
A

Spirillum

54
Q
  • when cells of a single species
    vary to some extent in shape and size
A

Pleomorphism

microbiology (10 decks)

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