L3

Question 1

Structures common to all bacterial cells

Answer 1

Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
One (or a few) chromosomes

Question 2

Structures found in some bacterial cells

Answer 2

Flagella , Pili , Fimbriae, Capsules , Slime layers , Inclusions , Actin cytoskeleton , Endospores

Question 3

Cell extension

Answer 3

Appendages

Question 4

attached at one or both ends of the cell

Answer 4

flagella

Question 5

• single flagellum

Answer 5

‏Monotrichous

Question 6

• small bunches or tufts of flagella emerging from the same site

Answer 6

Lophotrichous

Question 7

• dispersed randomly over the structure of the cell

Answer 7

Peritrichous

Question 8

Flagellar Function

Answer 8

Move by runs and tumbles

Question 9

A type of internal flagellum that is enclosed in
the space between the cell wall and the cell membrane

Answer 9

Axial Filaments

Question 10

Axial Filaments Found in _____

Answer 10

Spirochetes

Question 11

Elongate, rigid tubular structures

Answer 11

pili

Question 12

pili Found on____

Answer 12

gram-negative bacteria

Question 13

pili Used for attachment and genetic exchange ✅or❌

Answer 13

✅

Question 14

Tend to stick to each other and to surfaces

Answer 14

Fimbriae

Question 15

Develops as a coating of repeating polysaccharide
units, protein, or both

Answer 15

The Glycocalyx

Question 16

• a loose shield that protects some bacteria from
  loss of water and nutrients

Answer 16

Slime layer

Question 17

• when the glycocalyx is bound more tightly to the
  cell and is denser and thicker

Answer 17

Capsule

Question 18

Glycocalyx Formed by many _____ protect the bacteria against _____

Answer 18

pathogenic bacteria-

phagocytes

Question 19

glaycocalyx Important in formation of ____

Answer 19

biofilms

Question 20

Capsule- important for ____, prevent ____

Answer 20

pathogenesis

phagocytosis

Question 21

Composed of two or three basic layers ____

Answer 21

Cell wall (peptidoglycan)
Cell membrane
In some bacteria, the outer membrane (gram-negative material)

Question 22

function of the Cell Wall

Answer 22

Helps determine the shape of a bacterium
Provides strong structural support

Question 23

Target of many antibiotics ____

Answer 23

disrupt the cell wall

Question 24

Some don’t have a cell wall at all For example,

Answer 24

Mycobacterium and Nocardia- unique types of lipids

Question 25

- lack cell wall entirely ___

Answer 25

Mycoplasmas

Question 26

cell membrane is stabilized by sterols and is resistant to lysis

Answer 26

Mycoplasma

Question 27

Important medical species of Mycoplasma

Answer 27

pneumonia

Question 28

what is mean of pneumonia

Answer 28

الالتهاب الرئوي

Question 29

Acid-Fast Bacteria

Answer 29

Mycobacteria

Question 30

Mycobacteria Contain

Answer 30

mycolic acid (a wax)

Question 31

mycobacteria Includes important pathogens

Answer 31

Tuberculosis Leprosy Opportunistic wound infections

Question 32

Contain primarily phospholipids and proteins

Answer 32

Cell Membrane Structure

Question 33

Regulates transport , Secretion

Answer 33

functions of Cell Membrane

Question 34

- an extra barrier in gram- negative bacteria

Answer 34

Outer membrane

Question 35

Cell envelope can interact with human tissues and cause disease

Answer 35

Corynebacterium diphtheriae Streptococcus pyogenes

Question 36

Gelatinous solution

Answer 36

Cytoplasm

Question 37

Site for many biochemical and synthetic activities

Answer 37

Cytoplasm

Question 38

Single circular strand of DNA

Answer 38

Bacterial Chromosome

Question 39

Double-stranded circles of DNA

Answer 39

Plasmids

Question 40

Nonessential pieces of DNA

Answer 40

Plasmids

Question 41

Made of RNA and protein

Answer 41

Ribosomes

Question 42

for storage of nutrients

Answer 42

Inclusion Bodies

Question 43

A type of inclusion body

Answer 43

Granules

Question 44

Long polymers of actin

Answer 44

The Cytoskeleton

Question 45

Contribute to cell shape

Answer 45

The Cytoskeleton

Question 46

Dormant bodies produced by Bacillus, Clostridium, and Sporosarcina

Answer 46

Bacterial Endospores

Question 47

Breaking of dormancy

Answer 47

Endospore Germination

Question 48

Endospore Medical Significance Several bacterial pathogens

Answer 48

Bacillus anthracis  Clostridium tetani  Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium botulinum

Question 49

- roughly spherical

Answer 49

Coccus

Question 50

- rod-shaped

Answer 50

Bacillus

Question 51

- short and plump

Answer 51

Coccobacillus

Question 52

- gently curved

Answer 52

Vibrio

Question 53

- curviform or spiral-shaped

Answer 53

Spirillum

Question 54

- when cells of a single species vary to some extent in shape and size

Answer 54

Pleomorphism