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Pharm Exam 3 > L25 CVD intro, antiarrhythmias > Flashcards

L25 CVD intro, antiarrhythmias Flashcards

1
Q

how can you inhibit reflex bradychardia?

A

inhibit ganglia

atropine

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2
Q

inhibit vasoconstriction?

A

inhibit ganglia

or alpha/beta receptors in art

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3
Q

M1

A

glands in GI

IP3 = more Ca in cell

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4
Q

M3

A

more abundant, where ever there is PS tone

also through IP3

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5
Q

What is CHF

A

heart cant supply blood to peripheral tissue during exorcise or at rest

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6
Q

What is a major cause of death in CHF

A

40% is sudden death from arrhythmias

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7
Q

preload

A

size of the venous veins (venous reservoir) and the volume of the extracellular space. if there is increased salt and fluid retention, then your blood volume goes up which increases the filling pressure and that will increase the preload

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8
Q

afterload

A

peripheral resistance = resistance of arteries + viscosity of the blood. Afterload is regulated by alpha-1 receptors bc they determine peripheral resistance

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9
Q

How does blood viscosity affect cardiac performance?

A

it affects the afterload

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10
Q

What receptors control contractility

A

a1

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11
Q

what controls heart rate?

A

B1 and M2 (vagal tone)

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12
Q

how is contractility controlled within cells?

A

Trigger Ca controls amount of Ca released into ER, increases contractility

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13
Q

What is the role of the cardiac Na-Ca exchanger

A

the amount of Ca inside the cell is determined by the Na/Ca exchanger (antiporter) Na goes in and Ca gets kicked out Na/Ca exchanger will be removing more Ca from the cell when the cell is hyperpolarized (Na+ attracted to - inside of cell)

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14
Q

the NA/K ATPase

A

primary transport mechanism, Na out, K in, also digoxin competes with the K binding spot

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15
Q

Digoxin mechanism

A

block Na/K ATP, Na stays in, K cant get in, cell is depolarizes, opens L-type Ca channels, increased Ca increase CO

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16
Q

How do inodilators work?

A

Inhibit phosphodiesterase to increase cAMP, increasing Ca influx and vasodilation, same effect as B agonosists which increase cAMP

17
Q

What is a risk of inotropic drugs like sympathomemetics?

A

Arrythmias which can be fatal

18
Q

What are the two main inodilators?

A

inamirone and milrininone (bipyridenes)

19
Q

Inodilator use

A

short term treatment of CHF, long term is fatal

20
Q

What is PCWP?

A

filling pressure of left atrium/ ventricle

21
Q

Inodilator use

A 
Inotropic drugs
Vasodilators
Diuretics
B-blockers
ACE inhibitors
22
Q

Arrhythmia Drug Classes

A

1a-c: Na channel blockers
II: B blockers
III: prolong repolarization (K channel blockers)
IV: Ca channel blockers

Miscellaneous: digoxin etc

23
Q

Role of Na channel activation

A

M gate closed at resting potential

M gate opens when cell depolarizes , Na comes in

H gate closes until cell repolarizes, then opens and M gate closes until cell depolarizes again

Pharm Exam 3 (3 decks)

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