L24 not part of first part of slides labeled as L24

Question 1

Planar Mirror Waveguides

Answer 1

• Light bounces between mirrors with a wavelength λ.
• Mode restrictions apply.

Question 2

Mode Calculation

Answer 2

To calculate the number of modes in a waveguide, use the boundary conditions and solve Maxwell’s equations.

Question 3

Group Velocity

how to calculate?

Answer 3

Calculate the group velocity of a waveguide using the dispersion relation.

Question 4

Transverse Intensity Profile

add image or delete

Answer 4

Draw the transverse intensity profile of selected waveguide modes for both planar and dielectric waveguides.

Question 5

Stepped-Index Fibers

Answer 5

Stepped-index optical fibers work by guiding light through a core with a higher refractive index than the cladding.

Question 6

Numerical Aperture

delete or add more information

Answer 6

Calculate the numerical aperture of optical fibers and planar dielectric waveguides.

Question 7

Waveguide Fabrication Techniques

Answer 7

Include:

• wet-etching
• dry-etching (ICP, RIE)
• Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition (PECVD)
• photolithography

is this relevant / do I need to know all?

Question 8

LiNbO3 Nanowaveguides

Answer 8

• Fabricated using X-cut LiNbO₃ thin films
• Steps include deposition, laser writing, and etching.

add name of compound instead of formula

Question 9

Integrated Optics Example

Answer 9

Example: Lithium Niobate Nano Spectrometer with:

• 5 mm length
• 650 µm width
• 3 µm thickness
• showing propagation losses and insertion loss values.

Question 10

Propagation Constant

Answer 10

The propagation constant is derived from the wave equations and boundary conditions for s-polarization.

Question 11

Mode Restrictions

Answer 11

Mode restrictions in waveguides are based on the condition of constructive interference and can be calculated using trigonometry and wave equations.