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Biochemistry BCC > L24: Eukaryotic Gene Expression 1 > Flashcards

L24: Eukaryotic Gene Expression 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define: Transcription

A

When DNA is copied into RNA.

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2
Q

Define: DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid- genetic information

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3
Q

Define RNA

A

A single stranded nucleic acid made of a chain of nucleotides.

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4
Q

Define: Protein

A

polypeptide structures consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues

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5
Q

What is transcriptional regulation?

A

Control and regulation of gene expression. It determines what level and to what extent a gene is transcribed into mRNA.

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6
Q

What is post-transcriptional regulation?

A

The control and regulation of gene expression after transcription. It controls the quantity, quality, and timing of protein productio.

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7
Q

What is translational regulation?

A

Controls the rate and efficiency of mRNA translation into proteins.

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8
Q

What is RNA degradation?

A

The process by which RNA molecules are broken down and degraded into smaller fragments - it is essential for regulating gene expression, maintaining cellular homeostasis, and eliminating unwanted or damaged RNA molecules.

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9
Q

What is RNA splicing?

A

The removing of non coding regions called introns to form a pre-mRNA molecule and join together the coding regions called exons.

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10
Q

What is polymerase?

A

Enzyme that catalyses the polymerization of nucleotides to form nucleic acids .Essential for replication and transcription of genetic matrial.

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11
Q

What is RNA polymerase?

A

Enzyme responsible for synthesizing RNA molecules from a DNA template during the process of transcription.

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12
Q

What is a coding strand?

A

Contains genetic information that specifies the sequence of amino acids in a protein. Sense strand - had the same sequence as RNA transcript but with U instead of T.

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13
Q

What is a template strand?

A

The DNA strand that is used as a template during transcription to synthesise an RNA molecule.

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14
Q

What is RNA/DNA hybrid region?

A

A region where DNA and RNA are temporarily bound through complementary base pairing.

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15
Q

Define non-template strand

A

The coding or sense strand. it has the same sequence as the RNA transcript (except the T and U situation). It serves as a reference for describing the sequence of a gene or protein.

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16
Q

Define: antisense strand

A

Non coding strand.

sense strand - same sequence. antisense - complementary strand.

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17
Q

Define: Sense strand

A
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18
Q

Do both eukaryotes and prokaryotes need promoter DNA to transcribe?

A

Yes

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19
Q

What is a catalytic mechanism?

A
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20
Q

Does RNA transcription require a primer?

A

No

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21
Q

What is NTP?

A
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22
Q

Define: DNA polymerase

A
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23
Q

Define: nucleotide triphosphate:

A
24
Q
A

Nucleotide triphosphate

25
Q
A

Non template strand/Antisense

26
Q
A

Template strand/sense

27
Q
A

RNA polymerase 1

28
Q

Define: RNA polymerase 1

A
29
Q

What does RNA polymerase 1 code for

A
30
Q
A

RNA polymerase 2

31
Q

Define: RNA polymerase 2

A
32
Q

What does RNA polymerase 2 code for?

A
33
Q

What is the transcription cycle?

A
34
Q

The ______ ________is

A

The transcription cycle

35
Q

in the The transcription cycle, ________ is

A

Initiation

36
Q

What is initiation in the The transcription cycle?

A
37
Q

Define: Chromatin

A
38
Q
A

Chromatin

39
Q

Define: nucleosome

A
40
Q
A

A nucleosomeA

41
Q

A ______ is

A

Nucleosome

42
Q

_____ ______ is a

A

RNAP2 initiation

43
Q

RNAP2 Initiation is

A
44
Q

What are general transcription factors?

A
45
Q
A

Sequence-specific transcription factors (activator)

46
Q

What is an activator in Eukaryotic Gene expression?

A
47
Q
A

General/Basal transcription factors

48
Q

What are TBP, TFHA, TFIB, TFIIB, TFIIE, TFIIF, TFIH

A

General/Basal transcription Factors.

49
Q

What is a core promoter DNA?

A
50
Q

What is the Pre-initiation Complex?

A
51
Q

What is an open reading frame?

A
52
Q

What is a start codon?

A
53
Q

What are promoter elements?

A
54
Q

What is TBP

A
55
Q

Define: polyadenylation

A
56
Q
A

polyadenylation

57
Q

What is a polyadenylation tail?

A

Biochemistry BCC (7 decks)

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