L24: Eukaryotic Gene Expression 1 Flashcards
Define: Transcription
When DNA is copied into RNA.
Define: DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid- genetic information
Define RNA
A single stranded nucleic acid made of a chain of nucleotides.
Define: Protein
polypeptide structures consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues
What is transcriptional regulation?
Control and regulation of gene expression. It determines what level and to what extent a gene is transcribed into mRNA.
What is post-transcriptional regulation?
The control and regulation of gene expression after transcription. It controls the quantity, quality, and timing of protein productio.
What is translational regulation?
Controls the rate and efficiency of mRNA translation into proteins.
What is RNA degradation?
The process by which RNA molecules are broken down and degraded into smaller fragments - it is essential for regulating gene expression, maintaining cellular homeostasis, and eliminating unwanted or damaged RNA molecules.
What is RNA splicing?
The removing of non coding regions called introns to form a pre-mRNA molecule and join together the coding regions called exons.
What is polymerase?
Enzyme that catalyses the polymerization of nucleotides to form nucleic acids .Essential for replication and transcription of genetic matrial.
What is RNA polymerase?
Enzyme responsible for synthesizing RNA molecules from a DNA template during the process of transcription.
What is a coding strand?
Contains genetic information that specifies the sequence of amino acids in a protein. Sense strand - had the same sequence as RNA transcript but with U instead of T.
What is a template strand?
The DNA strand that is used as a template during transcription to synthesise an RNA molecule.
What is RNA/DNA hybrid region?
A region where DNA and RNA are temporarily bound through complementary base pairing.
Define non-template strand
The coding or sense strand. it has the same sequence as the RNA transcript (except the T and U situation). It serves as a reference for describing the sequence of a gene or protein.
Define: antisense strand
Non coding strand.
sense strand - same sequence. antisense - complementary strand.
Define: Sense strand
Do both eukaryotes and prokaryotes need promoter DNA to transcribe?
Yes
What is a catalytic mechanism?
Does RNA transcription require a primer?
No
What is NTP?
Define: DNA polymerase
Define: nucleotide triphosphate:
Nucleotide triphosphate
