L23- Urinary system Flashcards
What cavities contain the urinary system
Both abdominal & pelvic cavities
What are the 4 major components of the urinary system
Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
What quadrants are the kidneys located in & between which vertebrae
Upper left and right quadrants, between T12-L3
Why is the right kidney slightly lower than the left kidney
Due to the large amount of space the liver occupies in the RUQ
Where is the kidney located compared to the peritoneum
Retroperitoneal
Posterior to the kidneys are which 2 muscles
Psoas major, quadratus lumborum
Identify the peritoneum, psoas major, quadratus lumborum
Which ribs are located posterior to the left and right kidneys
Ribs 11/12 (floating ribs)
What 2 things are the kidneys directly surrounded by
Perinephric fat, renal fascia
Identify the perinephric fat & renal fascia
Identify perirenal fat capsule, renal fibrous capsule, renal fascia posterior/ anterior layers
What is the entry/ exit of the kidney called
Hilum
Identify all arrows
The renal columns break the renal medulla into what
Renal pyramids
Where does filtration start
Renal cortex
What is this
Renal pyramid/ medulla
Identify arrows
Where does the urine enter the conduction system
Renal papilla
Each papilla drains into what
Minor calyx
2 or more minor calyces drain into what
Major calyx
All major calyces drain into what
Renal pelvis
Renal pelvis becomes what
The ureter
What is the flow of urine
Renal cortex–> renal medulla–> renal papilla–> minor calyces–> major calyces–> renal pelvis–> ureter
Identify arrows
Identify arrows
Which renal artery is longer
Right renal artery
Right renal artery passes posteriorly to what
Inferior vena cava
During development the kidneys develop in the ______ region then ascend
Caudal (tail-like region)
What are accessory/ supernumerary renal arteries from
During developmental ascent when the lower arteries don’t degenerate
Gonads develop where then do what
Develop higher up then descend
Which renal vein is longer
Left renal vein
The left renal vein passes under what
Celiac trunk
What hangs over the left renal vein
Superior mesenteric
Right gonadal vein drains into what
Inferior vena cava
Left gonadal vein drains into what
Left renal vein
What is nutcracker syndrome
Superior mesenteric artery compressing the left renal vein against the aorta
The ureters are where compared to the peritoneal cavity
Retroperitoneal (like kidneys)
The ureters descend through the ______ cavity into the _____ cavity
Abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity
Identify arrows
The ductus (vas) deferens crosses over what
Ureters
Identify arrows
In females the uterine artery & vein pass over what
Ureter
Identify arrows
What are the 3 constrictions of the ureters that kidney stones commonly get lodged
1- Ureteropelvic junction
2- Pelvic inlet
3- Entrance to bladder
Identify arrows
Identify bolded lines
The median umbilical ligament does what
Anchors bladder
What is the posterior border of the bladder called
Fundus
The bladder is in _____ cavity & can extend into ______ cavity when full
Pelvic, abdominal
Identify arrows
The pelvic cavity is below what
The peritoneum
Identify arrows
The superior portion of the bladder is called _____ & contains _______
Trigone, receptors for sensing when bladder is full
Identify arrows
Identify arrows
The uterus is associated with ______ anteriorly and with ______ posteriorly
Pubic symphysis, vagina
Identify arrows
What are the 2 arteries that connect to the bladder in a male
Superior & inferior vesicular
What are the 2 arteries in the female bladder area
Superior vesicular artery & vaginal artery
What transmits urine from the internal urethral orifice to the external urethral orifice
Urethra
Is the internal urethral sphincter voluntary or involuntary?
Involuntary (autonomic control)
Is the external urethral sphincter voluntary or involuntary?
Voluntary
Identify arrows
Identify whats blacked out (female)
Identify arrows
Identify arrows
Identify boxes
Identify arrows
Identify arrows
Identify arrows
Identify box
What is the homologous area of the uterus/ vagina in males
Prostatic utricle
Identify boxes
What is the longest part of the urethra in males
Spongy part of urethra
Identify arrows
What are the major erectile tissues in males
Corpora cavernosa
What is the male equivalent of the glans clitorus
Glans penis
In males- what 3 arteries supply the urethra with blood
Inferior vesicular, middle rectal, internal pudendal arteries
In females- what 2 arteries supply the the urethra with blood
Vaginal artery, internal pudendal arteries
What artery branches off aorta to supply the gonads (testes and ovaries) with blood
Gonadal arteries
What is the blood flow to the bladder
Abdominal aorta—> common iliac—> internal iliac
What are the 4 arteries that supply parts of the urethra
Renal, gonadal, aorta, common iliac, internal iliac
What is the pathway of urine flow to the bladder
Cortex—> pyramids of renal medulla—>renal papilla—>minor calyces—>major calyces —> renal pelvis—> ureters—> bladder