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Anatomy > L20- Abdomen- Wall & Cavity > Flashcards

L20- Abdomen- Wall & Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

Define the abdomen

A

The roughly cylindrical chamber that extends from the thorax (superiorly) to the pelvis (inferiorly)

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2
Q

What are the superior and inferior boundaries of the abdomen

A
  • SUPERIOR BOUNDARY: thoraco- abdominal diaphragm (attaches to the inferior
    thoracic aperture)
  • INFERIOR BOUNDARY: pelvic inlet (superior margin of true pelvis)
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3
Q

What is the abdominal wall composed of & it encloses what

A

Composed primarily of muscle; encloses the abdominal cavity

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4
Q

What encloses the abdominal cavity & it contains what

A

Abdominal wall; contains the abdominal viscera and associated structures

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5
Q

What are the 4 functions of the abdomen

A

Protection, position/posture, respiration, intra-abdominal pressure

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6
Q

Functions- what does the abdominal wall protect

A

Abdominal viscera

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7
Q

Functions- position/posture

A

Helps maintain the position of the abdominal viscera against the action of gravity (guts would spill out if not present)

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8
Q

Functions- respiration

A

The abdominal muscles contract/ relax to alter expansion/ contraction of the thorax (as diaphragm contracts the abdominal muscles relax & as the diaphragm relaxes the abdominal muscles contract)

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9
Q

Functions- intra-abdominal pressure

A

Increasing pressure (by contraction of abdominal muscles) contributes to defecation, micturition, parturition

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10
Q

The functions of the abdomen are in addition to what

A

The functions of the individual organs contained in the abdomen

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11
Q

What is the costal margin formed by

A

Costal cartilages of ribs 6-10; forms part of inferior thoracic
aperture (to which the diaphragm attaches)

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12
Q

What are the features of the bony pelvis that are attachments of the inguinal ligament

A

Anterior superior iliac spine and pubic tubercle

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13
Q

Where is the umbilicus located

A

Intervertebral disc
between the L3 and L4

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14
Q

The abdomen is divided into ___________ by the intersection of __________

A

Four quadrants, two planes

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15
Q

What are the 2 planes that intersect the abdomen

A

Transverse plane through the umbilicus, midsagittal plane

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16
Q

What is the abdominal wall lined by

A

Skin and superficial fascia

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17
Q

What are the 2 layers of superficial fascia

A

Camper’s fascia & scarpa’s fascia

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18
Q

What are the characteristics of campers fascia

A

Superficial fatty layer (usually thicker)

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19
Q

What are the characteristics of Scarpa’s fascia

A

Deep membranous layer (usually thinner)

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20
Q

Both Camper’s fascia and Scarpa’s fascia are continuous with what

A

Fascial layers in the perineum

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21
Q

The abdominal musculature consists of what abdominal walls

A

Posterior abdominal wall and anterolateral wall

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22
Q

The posterior abdominal wall contains muscles that do what

A

Reinforce the abdominal wall, produce movements of the lower limb

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23
Q

What are the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall that reinforce the abdominal wall

A

Quadratus lumborum, Psoas major, Iliacus

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24
Q

What are the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall that produce movements of the lower limb

A

Psoas major, Iliacus

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25
Q

Identify

A
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26
Q

The anterolateral abdominal wall consists of:

A

3 layers of flat, obliquely- oriented muscles (laterally), one vertical muscle (medially)

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27
Q

Identify

A
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28
Q

External abdominal oblique muscle (superficial) has fibers oriented in what direction

A

Infero-medial direction

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29
Q

Internal abdominal oblique muscle (intermediate) has fibers oriented in what direction

A

Supero-medial

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30
Q

Transversus abdominus muscle has fibers oriented in what direction

A

Transverse

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31
Q

What are the 3 layers of flat, obliquely-oriented muscles

A

External abdominal oblique muscles, internal abdominal oblique muscles, transversus abdominus muscle

32
Q

All 3 layers (External abdominal oblique muscles, internal abdominal oblique muscles, transversus abdominus muscle) have what

A

Their own aponeurosis

33
Q

Only the inferior portion of the transversus abdominus aponeurosis is located where

A

Anterior to rectus abdominis

34
Q

The 2 oblique aponeurosis’ form what

A

The rectus sheath

35
Q

The rectus sheath surrounds what

A

The rectus abdominus

36
Q

The inferior margin of the external oblique aponeurosis forms what

A

The inguinal ligament

37
Q

The inguinal ligament helps form what

A

The inguinal canal (passageway from the
abdominal cavity to the abdominal wall)

38
Q

What is the inguinal canal

A

A passageway from the
abdominal cavity to the abdominal wall

39
Q

The inguinal canal transmits what

A

Spermatic cord (males), round ligament of the uterus (females)

40
Q

The varying directions of the muscle fibers in the layers of flat
muscles help do what

A

Strengthen the
abdominal wall (because each layer
can resist pressure in a different direction)

41
Q

What is the rectus abdominus

A

Long, flat muscles (paired L/R) that extend the length of the anterior abdominal wall (from the sternum to the pelvis)

42
Q

Each rectus abdominus muscle contains 3-4 what

A

Tendinous intersections
(i.e., transverse fibrous bands)

43
Q

The R and L rectus abdominus muscles
are separated by what in the midline

A

Linea alba

44
Q

What does the Linea alba consist of

A

The aponeuroses
of all of the abdominal oblique muscles

45
Q

The aponeuroses of the
abdominal oblique muscles form what

A

The rectus sheath (surrounds the rectus abdominus muscle)

46
Q

The posterior layer of the rectus sheath ends where

A

At the Arcuate line

47
Q

Inferior to the arcuate line the anterior
abdominal wall is only separated from
the abdominal cavity by what

A

A thin layer of
fascia (transversalis fascia)

48
Q

Define abdominal cavity

A

The space enclosed by
the abdominal wall and containing the abdominal viscera (and the associated structures)

49
Q

The abdominal cavity is continuous inferiorly with the pelvic cavity; the continuous cavity is often referred to as what

A

Abdominopelvic cavity

50
Q

The abdominal cavity is lined by a serous
membrane called the what

A

Peritoneum (the
peritoneum is similar to the pleura and serous pericardium)

51
Q

What are the 2 layers of the peritoneum

A

Parietal peritoneum and the visceral peritoneum

52
Q

What layer is the parietal peritoneum & what does it surround

A

Outer layer, surrounds the walls of the abdominal cavity

53
Q

What layer is the visceral peritoneum & what does it surround

A

Inner layer, surrounds the abdominal organs

54
Q

What is the peritoneal cavity & what is in it

A

The potential space between the parietal peritoneum and visceral peritoneum, the abdominal organs and a small amount of serous fluid

55
Q

What are the intraperitoneal viscera suspended by in the peritoneal cavity

A

Mesenteries (folds of the peritoneum where the 2 layers are CONTINUOUS)

56
Q

What is contained in the mesenteries?

A

Neurovasculature and lymphatics to/from the organ(s) they suspend

57
Q

Where are the retroperitoneal viscera located and what is special about them

A

Located outside the peritoneal cavity, these organs develop in this location

58
Q

What are suspended by mesentery early in
development, but later lose their mesenteries
and fuse with the abdominal wall

A

Secondarily retroperitoneal viscera

59
Q

What is the large, apron-like structure
that drapes over the small intestine and attaches to the
transverse colon (part of the large intestine)

A

The greater omentum

60
Q

Define omenta

A

Double layers of peritoneum; connect the stomach and the first part of the small intestine to other
structures in the abdominal cavity

61
Q

What is the lesser omentum

A

Smaller omentum connects to the liver

62
Q

The lesser omentum divides the peritoneal cavity into what two parts

A

Lesser sac (omental bursa), greater sac (larger, remaining portion of the peritoneal cavity)

63
Q

The contents of the abdominal cavity can be classified by

A

Function, peritoneal position, location

64
Q

Contents of the abdominal cavity- GI

A
65
Q

What are the accessory digestive organs

A

Liver, gallbladder, pancreas

66
Q

What are the endocrine glands located adjacent to the kidneys

A

Suprarenal (adrenal) glands

67
Q

What are in the pelvic cavity

A

Inferior portion of the ureter and the urinary bladder

68
Q

What is contained in the intraperitoneal viscera

A

L(2)EGS(3)-P
Large intestine
Liver
Esophagus
Gallbladder
Spleen
Small intestine (most)
Stomach
Pancreas (tail)

69
Q

What is contained in the retroperitoneal viscera

A

Kidneys, adrenal glands, ureters (most)

70
Q

What are considered secondarily retroperitoneal viscera

A

Small intestine (most of duodenum), large intestine, pancreas (except tail)

71
Q

What 2 quadrants does the pancreas & liver occupy

A

LUQ/RUP

72
Q

What quadrants do the small intestine & large intestine occupy

A

All four

73
Q

What is contained in the RUQ

A

Liver, pancreas, gallbladder, R kidney, small/large intestine

74
Q

What is contained in the LUQ

A

Liver, small/large intestine, stomach, spleen, L kidney, pancreas

75
Q

What is contained in the RLQ

A

Small/large intestine, R ureter

76
Q

What is contained in the LLQ

A

Small/ large intestine, L ureter

Anatomy (4 decks)

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