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Physio II: Exam 3 > L23: Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

L23: Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

ANS effect on visceral functions

A

can change functions rapidly and intensely

HR can be increased w/in 3-5 seconds

arterial press can be doubled in 10-15 seconds

sweating can begin w/in seconds

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2
Q

generalizations of ANS

A
  1. terminal ends of these fibers are enlarged where NTs and mito are stored
  2. efferent activity of ANS is mostly regulated by reflexes
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3
Q

ANS pathways consist of 2 neurons in sequence

A
  1. preganglionic neuron
    - -cell bodies w/in CNS
    - -axons myelinated
    - -ACH
  2. postganglionic neuron
    - -cell bodies in peripheral ganglia
    - -not myelinated
    - -ACH in parasymp
    - -norepi in symp sys
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4
Q

sympathetic glands

A

causes secretion of large amounts of sweat

cholinergic to most sweat glands – symp via ACH

this is a parasympathetic function distributed via sympathetic fibers

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5
Q

parasympathetic glands

A

strongly stims:
lacrimal, nasal, salivary, upper GI glands

(lower GI glands mostly stim by enteric sys)

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6
Q

effects of ANS stimulation on heart

A

sympathetic
–increases HR, contraction strength

parasym
–decrease HR, contraction strength

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7
Q

effects of ANS stimulation of systemic BVs

A

symp
–constriction

parasym
–no effect

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8
Q

effects of ANS stimulation on arterial pressure

A

symp
–acute increase in press but no long term effect

parasym
–decrease pumping of heart but little effect of bp

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9
Q

general effects of ANS stimulation

A

symp
–inhibits most endodermal structures

parasym
–excites most

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10
Q

effects of ANS stimulation on eyes

A

sym
–pupil dilation

para

  • -pupil constriction
  • -lens focusing
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11
Q

effects of ANS stimulation on GI tract

A

sym

  • -strong stim inhibits peristalsis
  • -GI tract normally not dependent on symp stim

para

  • -promotes digestion
  • -relaxes sphincters
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12
Q

cell body of each sympathetic preganglionic neuron lies in ?

A

intermediolateral horn of spinal cord

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13
Q

all sympathetic preganglionic neurons are ?

A

cholinergic

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14
Q

postganglionic sympathetic fibers

A 
pass thru gray rami
C type fibers
innervate muscle to:
--constrict BVs
--piloerect hair
--change HR
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15
Q

cervical sympathetic chain

A

supplies face and thoracic viscera
–considered postsynaptic

postganglionics are from cervical ganglia and T1-5 paravertebral ganglia

they exit chain as direct fibers and travel down to thorax as cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves

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16
Q

cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves

A

travel on their own and do not accompany other nerves or vessels

function:
coronary art dilation
increase hr
bronchodilation

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17
Q

thoracic sympathetic chain

A

lies against neck of ribs and costovertebral junctions

12 thoracic ganglia pairs

  • -T2 to neck
  • -T3-6 to thorax
  • -T7-11 to abdomen
  • -T12-L2 to LE
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18
Q

stellate ganglion

A

first thoracic ganglion pair often fused w/ inf cervical ganglion going to head

collectively called stellate ganglion

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19
Q

splanchnic nerves – properties

A

composed of preganglionic fibers and visceral sensory fibers

supply abdominal viscera

synapse in prevertebral ganglia

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20
Q

splanchnic nerves

A
  1. greater, T5-9
    synapses in celiac ganglion
  2. lesser, T10-11
    sup mesenteric ganglion
  3. least, T12
    aorticorenal ganglion
  4. lumbar, L1-2
    sup and inf mesenteric ganglion
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21
Q

adrenergic alpha receptors

A

NE excites mainly alpha receptors but also beta to lesser extent (epi excites both)

functions:
vasoconstriction, iris dilation, GI relaxation, sphincter contraction

22
Q

adrenergic beta-1 receptor

A

cardioacceleration

increased myocardial strength

lipolysis

23
Q

adrenergic beta-2 receptor

A 
vasodilation
intestinal relaxation
uterus relaxation
bronchodilation
calorigenesis
glycogenolysis
bladder relaxation
24
Q

adrenergic beta-3 receptors

A

thermogenesis

25
Q

reserpine

A

blocks synthesis and storage of NE

26
Q

propranolol

A

blocks sympathetic beta-1/2 receptors

27
Q

metoprolol

A

blocks mostly sympathetic beta1 receptors

28
Q

beta blockers – properties

A

adrenergic beta receptor blocker

increase actions of symp sys
(decrease HR, contraction strength)

anti-hypertension

(alpha blockers decrease bp)

29
Q

beta blockers - side effects

A

fatigue, hypotension, bradycardia

associated w/ neg changes in blood lipid profiles

associated w/ higher glucose and insulin levels

30
Q

adrenal medulla

A

secretes epi and norepi
–last hours when secreted by adrenal medulla but only seconds when secreted by neurons

secretory cells are postganglionic neurons

31
Q

alarm or stress response results in ?

A

mass discharge of entire sympathetic system

fright, fear, severe pain, survival

32
Q

75% of parasympathetic fibers are in the ?

A

vagus nerve CN X

33
Q

parasym – pre and post ganglionic fibers

A

pre fibers pass all the way to the organ to be innervated

post fibers are located in wall of organ and use ACH

34
Q

cranial nerves that carry parasym signals

A

3 – oculomotor n
7 – facial
9 – glossopharyngeal
10 - vagus

35
Q

parasym - sacral nerves

A

pass thru spinal nerve sacral plexus on each side

supplies:
colon
rectum
urinary bladder
external genitalia
36
Q

oculomotor nerve

A

pregang
–from edinger-westphal nucleus to ciliary ganglion

postgang
–from ciliary ganglion to sphincterpupillae muscle

37
Q

CN III - function

A

oculomotor n

motor:
–innervates skeletal muscles of the eye

parasym
–constricts pupillae of the iris and ciliary muscles

38
Q

facial nerve

A

pregang
–from sup salivatory and lacrimal nuclei to submandibular/sublingual ganglia

postgang
–to lacrimal gland, submandibular gland, sublingual gland, mucous glands

39
Q

CN VII – functions

A

facial nerve

motor
–primary motor nerve to muscles of facial expression and inner ear

sensory
–taste from ant 2/3s of tongue

parasym

  • -increase saliva flow
  • -stim nasal mucosa
40
Q

glossopharyngeal nerve

A

pregang
–inf salivatory nucleus to otic ganglion

postgang
–to parotid gland

41
Q

CN IX – functions

A

glossopharyngeal n

general sensation of taste from post 1/3 tongue

skeletal muscle to stylopharyngeus muscle

42
Q

vagus nerve – branches

A 
cardiac branches
pulmonary 
esophageal
left recurrent laryngeal
right recurrent laryngeal
43
Q

CN X – functions

A

lowers HR

--GI
controls taste, saliva
increase stomach acidity
control blood glc balance
assist bile release

–kidneys
promote filtration

reproductive – help control fertility

44
Q

vagus nerve dysfunction

A 
IBS
anxiety, depression
high or low HR
difficult to swallow
esophageal reflux
migraines
45
Q

ACH synthesis

A

acetyl-CoA + choline
= ACH
enzyme – choline acetyl transferase

ACH —> choline + acetate ion
enzyme - acetylcholinesterase

46
Q

ACH receptors

A

muscarinic
—found on effector cells stimed by postgang cholinergic neurons

nicotinic

  • -found in autonomic ganglia at synapses btwn pre and postgang neurons
  • -present in skeletal muscles
47
Q

ACH receptors – channels

A

muscarinic works thru G proteins

nicotinic uses ion channels

48
Q

indirect parasym drugs

A

inhibit cholinesterase

thus promoting ACH to live longer

some indirect drugs used as chemical weapons such as tear gas/sarin

49
Q

carbachol

A

binds muscarinic and nicotinic receptors

primarily used to treat glaucoma

50
Q

parasympathomimetic drugs

A

act like parasym sys

not rapidly destroyed by cholinesterase

act directly on muscarinic receptors

include pilocarpine and methacholine

51
Q

drugs that inhibit acetylcholinesterase

A

neostigmine
pyridostigmine
ambenonium

52
Q

drugs that block cholinergic activity

A

atropine
homatropine
scopolamine

Physio II: Exam 3 (8 decks)

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