L23: Alimentary System Overview

Question 1

Where does the alimentary system span?

Answer 1

Mouth to anal canal

Question 2

What are the two groups of organs in the alimentary system?

Answer 2

• Digestive tract;

- Accessory organs.

Question 3

What organs does the digestive tract consist of?

Answer 3

• Oral cavity;
• Pharynx;
• Oesophagus;
• Stomach;
• Small intestine;
• Large intestine.

Question 4

What are the accessory organs?

Answer 4

• Salivary glands;
• Gall bladder;
• Liver;
• Pancreas.

Question 5

What does the gall bladder do?

Answer 5

Stores bile

Question 6

Where is bile produced?

Answer 6

Liver

Question 7

Where does most food digestion occur?

Answer 7

Stomach

Question 8

Where does most nutrient absorption happen?

Answer 8

Small intestine

Question 9

Where does most water absorption happen?

Answer 9

Large intestine

Question 10

What are the 4 layers of the G.I. tract?

Answer 10

• Mucosa;
• Submucosa;
• Muscularis Externa;
• Adventatia.

Question 11

What are the 2 layers of the mucosa?

Answer 11

• Epithelium;

- Lamina propria (loose connective tissue).

Question 12

What type of epithelium is in the oral cavity?

Answer 12

Stratified squamous

Question 13

What is the submucosa?

Answer 13

Dense connective tissue

Question 14

What are the 2 muscle layers in the muscularis adventitia/propria?

Answer 14

• Circular, inner;

- Longitudinal, outer.

Question 15

What is the adventitia?

Answer 15

The outermost layer, with larger blood vessels and nerves

Question 16

What is Barrett’s Oesophagus?

Answer 16

• A change (metaplasia) in epithelium in the oesophagus;
• Stratified squamous to columnar;
• Due to G.O.R.D;
• Risk of dysplasia and therefore cancer.

Question 17

What are fundic glands?

Answer 17

Found in the fundus and body of the stomach, secrete gastric juices

Question 18

By what process is food moved along the G.I. tract?

Answer 18

Propulsion by peristalsis

Question 19

Where are villi found and what is their purpose?

Answer 19

Small intestine, to increase the surface area for nutrient absorption

Question 20

What do nociceptors detect?

Answer 20

Pain

Question 21

What do mechanoreceptors detect?

Answer 21

Movement

Question 22

What do thermoreceptors detect?

Answer 22

Temperature

Question 23

What do chemoreceptors detect?

Answer 23

Chemicals - smell/taste (gustation)

Question 24

What are the motor functions of the mouth?

Answer 24

• Breakdown (mastication);
• Swallowing (deglutition);
• Communication.

Question 25

What is the purpose of salivation?

Answer 25

• Lubrication;
• Protection;
• Digestion.